Abstract
Answer B. Combined physical and psychological programme
Lower back pain is a common presentation in general practice. Although not recommended alone, manual therapy has shown good outcomes. A combined physical and psychological programme works well and would be the preferred option here. Acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are not recommended. Morphine is not ideal for back pain and is very addictive. Steroid injections are not recommended for people with central canal stenosis.
InnovAiT article: Low back pain in adults. DOI: 10.1177/1755738019869374.