Abstract
InnovAiT is produced on a 3-year cycle. However, many articles do not significantly go out of date in that time. This section of InnovAiT summarises articles from the previous cycle of InnovAiT that GPs and GPs in training might still find useful today.
Benign ano-rectal disorders
Mr James Kynaston
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 253–261
Benign ano-rectal disorders present commonly to primary care and are probably under-reported because of patient embarrassment. This article outlines epidemiological aspects before detailing pathophysiology, diagnosis and management within primary care. Indications for referral, including those for suspected cancer, are given.
Diverticulosis and diverticular disease: Current concepts
Dr Phillip J Whatling
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 262–268
Colonic diverticula are the most common endoscopic abnormality in the Western world. This article frames the guidance for management of diverticular disease in primary care, with an overview of management in secondary care. Dietary advice and lifestyle modification are the mainstay of treatment for uncomplicated disease, but persistent symptoms and diagnostic uncertainty may warrant referral. Sepsis and complicated diverticulitis require urgent admission.
Acute gallbladder disease
Dr Magnus James
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 269–274
William Mayo said a century ago that there was no such thing as an innocent gallstone, but we now know most gallstones are asymptomatic. Gallbladder disease is very common and complications, though rare, can be life threatening. It is not possible to diagnose gallbladder disease on history alone, so investigation and referral will be required. This article covers all aspects of diagnosis and management.
Hypertension
Dr Helen Carslaw and Dr Ayla Cosh
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 276–281
Hypertension is an independent risk factor for heart disease, with a prevalence in England of about 30%. It is asymptomatic and a diagnostic challenge for primary care. This article covers management, emphasising the importance of lifestyle changes, the staging of hypertension, targets and gold standards for diagnosis.
Smoking cessation
Miss Sushma Datla and Dr Daniel Jones
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 282–289
Smoking is the primary cause of preventable illness and premature death, making smoking cessation a public health priority. This article emphasises the crucial role of GPs in smoking cessation, particularly with targeted, effective interventions within consultations. Regularly checking smoking status, the 5 ‘A’s intervention and a variety of other methods are described.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Dr Suhail Amin Tarafdar and Mr Mark Xavier Gannon
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 290–296
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a localised dilatation of the abdominal aorta and common in men aged 65 to 79 years, especially in smokers. The fatality rate for rupture is 90%, but the UK screening programme is helping to reduce premature deaths. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority rules are listed and prevent drivers at high risk of rupture from driving.
Small group teaching in primary care
Dr Jenny Hopwood
InnovAiT 2017 10(5): 297–303
GPs can inspire, support and stimulate colleagues and the wider primary care team across a broad range of topics with effective teaching methods. This article gives an understanding on how people learn in small groups and gives practical guidance on planning and running teaching sessions.