Update on Inhaled Steroids

Barnes PJ . A new approach to the treatment of asthma. N Engl J Med 1989; 321(22):1517–1527.

Nadel JA . Inflammation and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;73(5, Part 2):651–653.

Dutoit JI , Salome CM , Woolcock AJ . Inhaled corticosteroids reduce the severity of bronchial hyperresponsive-ness in asthma but oral theophylline does not. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136(5):1174–1178.

Cockcroft DW . Airway hyperrespon-siveness: therapeutic implications. Ann Allergy 1987;59(6):405–414.

Reed CE . Aerosol steroids as primary treatment of mild asthma (editorial). N Engl J Med 1991;325(6):425–426.

Haahtela T , Jarvinen M , Kava T , Kiviranta K , Koskinen S , Lehtonen K , . Comparison of a beta2 agonist, terbutaline, with an inhaled corticos-teroid, budesonide, in newly detected asthma. N Engl J Med 1991;325(6): 388–392.

Haynes RC Jr . Adrenocorticotropic hormone; adrenocortical steroids and their synthetic analogs; inhibitors of the synthesis and action of adrenocortical hormones. In: Gilman AG , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P , editors. The pharmaco-logical basis of therapeutics, 8th ed. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990: 1448.

Reed CE . Aerosol glucocorticoid treat-ment of asthma: adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141(2, Part 2):S82–S88.

Konig P. Inhaled corticosteroids their present and future role in the manage-ment of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988;82(2):297–306.

McKenzie AW , Stoughton RB . Method for comparing percutaneous adminis-tration of steroids. Arch Dermatol 1962;86:608–610.

Phillipps GH . Structure-activity rela-tionships of topically active steroids: the selection of fluticasone propionate. Respir Med 1990;84(Suppl A):19–23.

Vogt FC . The incidence of oral can-didiasis with use of inhaled corticos-teroids. Ann Allergy 1979;43(4):205–210.

Salzman GA , Pyszczynski DR . Oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients treated with beclomethasone dipropi-onate delivered by metered-dose in-haler alone and with Aerochamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988;81(2):424–428.

Toogood JH , Jennings B , Greenway RW , Chuang L. Candidiasis and dys-phonia complicating beclomethasone treatment of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;65(2):145–153.

Williams AJ , Baghat MS , Stableforth DE , Cayton RM , Shenol PM , Skinner C. Dysphonia caused by inhaled steroids: recognition of a characteristic laryngeal abnormality. Thorax 1983;38(11):813–821.

Williams MH Jr . Corticosteroids. In: Witek TJ , Schachter EN , editors. Pharmacology and therapeutics in res-piratory care. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:234.

Brogden RN , Heel RC , Speight TM , Avery GS . Beclomethasone dipropi-onate: a reappraisal of its pharmacody-namic properties and therapeutic effi-cacy after a decade of use in asthma and rhinitis. Drugs 1984;28(2):99–126.

Salmeron S , Guerin J-C , Godard P , Renon D , Henry-Amar M , Duroux P , Taytard A. High doses of inhaled corti-costeroids in unstable chronic asthma: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140(1):167–171.

Andersson E , Smidt CM , Sikjaer B , Ainge G , Poynter D. Bronchial biop-sies after beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. Br J Dis Chest 1977;71(1):35–43.

Falliers CJ . Triamcinolone acetonide aerosols for asthma: I. Effective re-placement of systemic corticosteroid therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1976; 57(1):1–11.

Spector SL . The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma. Chest 1985;87(1, Suppl):73S–79S.

Clissold SP , Heel RC . Budesonide: a preliminary review of its pharmacody-namic properties and therapeutic effi-cacy in asthma and rhinitis. Drugs 1984;28(6):485–518.

Juniper EF , Kline PA , Vanzieleghem MA , Ramsdale EH , O'Byrne PM , Hargreave FE . Effect of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticos-teroid (budesonide) on airway hyperre-sponsiveness and clinical asthma in nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142(4):832–836.

Johansson SA , Andersson KE , Brattsand R , Gruvstad E , Hedner P. Topical and systemic glucocorticoid potencies of budesonide, beclomethasone dipro-pionate and prednisolone in man.

Toogood JH , Baskerville JC , Jennings B , Johansson SA . A role for more con-centrated formulations of inhaled steroid in the treatment of chronic asth-ma. Ann Rev Coll Phys Surg Can 1984; 17:297.

Holliday SM , Faulds D , Sorkin EM . Inhaled fluticasone propionate: a re-view of its pharmacodynamic and phar-macokinetic properties, and therapeutic uses in asthma. Drugs 1994;47:318–331.

Bauer K , Bantje TA , Bogaerts YJM , Gillard C , Kardos P , Kummer F , . The effect of inhaled fluticasone propi-onate (FP): a new potent corticosteroid in severe asthma (abstract). Eur Respir J 1988;1(Suppl 2):201s.

MacKenzie CA , Weinberg EG , Tabachnik E , Taylor M , Havnen J , Crescenzi K. A placebo controlled trial of fluticasone propionate in asthmatic children. Eur J Pediatr 1993;152(10): 856–860.

Fabbri L , Burge PS , Croonenborgh L , Warlies F , Weeke B , Ciaccia A , Parker C. Comparison of fluticasone propi-onate with beclomethasone dipropi-onate in moderate to severe asthma treated for one year. Thorax 1993; 48(8):817–823.

Harding SM . The human pharmacolo-gy of fluticasone propionate. Respir Med 1990;84(Suppl A):25–29.

Smith MJ . The place of high-dose in-haled corticosteroids in asthma thera-py. Drugs 1987;33(5):423–429.