Vertebral Artery Orifice Stenosis: A Report of 43 Cases from Northwest Iran Treated with Angioplasty and Stenting

Abstract

More than one quarter of all transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) and ischemic strokes involve tissue supplied by the vertebrobasilar (VB) circulation. Vertebral artery stenotic lesion, particularly at the origin of the vertebral artery, is not uncommon but it is a less studied area. Here we present our endovascular treatment experience in a group of patients with vertebral artery orifice stenosis. We enrolled a group of patients with vertebral artery orifice stenosis who presented with confirmed posterior circulation stroke. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndrome was confirmed by imaging studies and clinical findings. Vertebral artery stenosis diagnosed by CT or MR Angiography and confirmed by Conventional and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Angiography was performed by using of femoral or radial artery approach. From October 2008 to January 2010, forty-three consecutive patients (69.8% men) underwent stent placement for symptomatic vertebral artery orifice stenosis. Mean degree of stenosis was 70.45 +/− 7.455 percent and mean age was 71.65 +/− 7.743 years. In the 22 patients (22/43, 51.16%) stenosis were in left side. In the thirty patients (30/43, 69.6%) there was evidence of atherosclerotic disease in the internal carotid artery and in the 23% contra lateral vertebral artery was involved. There were five different cases with left renal artery stenosis especially in the men with left vertebral artery stenosis. Initial technical success rate was 100%. No cerebrovascular complications or embolic events occurred. Six months control angiography follow-up revealed one patient with stent occlusion and moderate (40%) restenosis in the another patient. According to our finding angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery orifice stenosis is safe and effective. Patients with vertebral artery orifice disease frequently have coexistent atherosclerotic stenosis in the other major extracranial arteries including carotid and renal arteries.

Keywords

vertebral artery orifice stenosis stenting vertebrobasilar stroke

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