No effect of n-3 fatty acids on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after myocardial infarction: the Alpha Omega Trial

Abstract

Background

Persistent inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. n-3 Fatty acids may have anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined the effect of plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and marine n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a systemic marker of (low-grade) inflammation.

Design/Methods

A supplementary study in the Alpha Omega Trial: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose n-3 fatty acids. Patients were enrolled from 2002 to 2006 and followed for 40 months. A total of 2425 patients, aged 60–80 years (79% men), with a history of myocardial infarction, were randomly assigned to margarines supplemented with a targeted additional intake of 400 mg/day EPA and DHA, 2 g/day ALA, EPA-DHA plus ALA, or placebo for 40 months.

Results

Patients consumed on average 19.8 g margarine/day, providing an additional amount of 238 mg/day EPA with 158 mg/day DHA, 1.98 g/day ALA, or both, in the active treatment groups. In the placebo group, the geometric mean hsCRP (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.84 mg/l (95% CI: +1.70 to +2.00) at baseline and 1.98 mg/l (95% CI: 1.82 to 2.15) after 40 months (p < 0.0001). hsCRP levels were not affected by ALA (−5% versus placebo; 95% CI: −14% to +6%, p = 0.37), EPA-DHA (−8% versus placebo; 95% CI: −17% to +2%, p = 0.13), or EPA-DHA plus ALA (−3% versus placebo; 95% CI: −12% to +8%, p = 0.62).

Conclusions

Long-term supplementation with modest amounts of EPA-DHA, whether or not in combination with ALA, did not affect hsCRP levels in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov number

NCT00127452

Keywords

n-3 Fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid high-sensitivity C-reactive protein randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

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