Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis and Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for the Treatment of Lymphedema—A Canadian Case Series

Introduction: Lymphedema is a chronic and debilitating condition. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNT) for the treatment of patients suffering from lymphedema, mainly by comparing pre- and postoperative daily compression use, limb volumes, and occurrence of cellulitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who were treated by a single surgeon for lymphedema with LVA and/or VLNT between March 2018 and February 2020. Eighteen limbs met the inclusion criteria. The severity of lymphatic dysfunction was assessed by indocyanine green lymphangiography. Patients with patent vessels were offered LVA, whereas those without were offered VLNT. Pre- and postoperative circumferential limb measurements, use of compression garments, and postoperative complications were compared. Results: Nine limbs underwent LVA, 8 underwent VLNT, and one both. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. Postoperatively, all but 3 patients (83%) were able to cease daily compression. When considering excess limb volumes, the average reduction was 58%. This reduction was achieved despite compression weaning. Forty-four percent of patients (8) reported episodes of recurrent cellulitis preoperatively, while postoperatively, only 3 of those patients (17%) experienced cellulitis, which was statistically significant (P  =  .018). No surgical complications occurred. Conclusions: Patients with lymphedema can benefit from LVA and VLNT surgery. An important effect of surgery is decreased dependence on daily compression garments to maintain a stable and reasonable limb volume. The reduction of limb circumference after 1 year was similar to LVA and VLNT. Episodes of cellulitis were significantly lower after the intervention.