Advanced nano and microtechnologies for nano/micro-electronic devices have made substantial advances in the past few years. These technologies are rapidly incorporating advanced fluid media such as nanofluids and biological microorganisms. Inspired by bio-nanofluid applications in medicine, biological systems and biotechnology in the present study, mathematical model is evolved for unsteady bio convective conducting nanofluid along with gyrotactic micro-organisms squeezed between parallel disks. The lower disk and upper disks are solids. The temperature field is improved by the methods of haphazard motion of nanoparticles and thermophoresis parameters. The nano-bio transfer model is written as a series of non-linear partial differential equations that are reduced into a set of ordinary differential equations using suitable transforms. The dimensionless problem is then numerically solved by RK-4th order scheme utilizing MATLAB bvp4c solver’s package to investigate the impact of the squeezing parameter, Hartman number, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter on motile microorganism velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and density. The friction factor, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and microorganism number distributions on Hartman number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors are also computed. The Brownian motion and the thermophoresis factors of nanoparticles cause an increment in temperature profiles for both suction and injection. The concentration and motile microorganism are both amplified for the Brownian parameter in the case of injection, whereas they are declined for suction and the opposite trend is observed for the thermophoresis parameter. The motile microorganism is deflated for both suction and injection with thermophoresis parameter. Suction and injection adversely affect the transfer properties at the disks. The resistive magnetic body force prevails in the core zone, resulting in a decrease in velocity. The heat generation in squeeze films with motile microorganisms can be successfully removed with magnetic nanoparticles which require a longer serviceability of the lubrication system, bio-medical systems and need for less maintenance and a longer lifespan approach. The finding is pertinent to novel bio-microsystems that combine nanofluid and the bioconvection phenomenon. The percentage increase in heat, mass, and microorganism transport rates is calculated.
StefanMJ. “Versuche über die scheinbare Adhäsion”, Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematik - Naturwissen1874; 69: 713–721.
2.
KhaledARAVafaiK. Hydromagnetic squeezed flow and heat transfer over a sensor surface. Int J Eng Sci2004; 42: 509–519.
3.
AcharyaNDasKKunduPK. The squeezing flow of Cu-water and Cu-kerosene nanofluids between two parallel plates. Alex Eng J2016; 55(2): 1177–1186.
4.
AhmedNKhanUKhanSI, et al. Effects on magnetic field in squeezing flow of a Casson fluid between parallel plates. J King Saud Univ - Sci2017; 29: 119–125.
5.
HayatTAbbasTAyubM, et al. On squeezed flow of Jeffrey nanofluid between two parallel disks. Appl Sci2016; 6(11): 346.
6.
Mohyud-DinSTKhanSI. Nonlinear radiation effects on squeezing flow of a Casson fluid between parallel disks. Aerosp Sci Technol2016; 48: 186–192.
7.
HaqRHammouchZKhanW. Water-based squeezing flow in the presence of carbon nanotubes between two parallel disks. Therm Sci2016; 20(6): 1973–1981.
8.
HatamiMGanjiDD. Heat transfer and nanofluid flow in suction and blowing process between parallel disks in presence of variable magnetic field. J Mol Liq2014; 190: 159–168.
9.
DomairryGAzizA. Approximate analysis of MHD squeeze flow between two parallel disks with suction or injection by homotopy perturbation method. Math Probl Eng2009; 2009: 1–19.
10.
UddinMJAlginahiYBégOA, et al. Numerical solutions for gyrotactic bioconvection in nanofluid-saturated porous media with Stefan blowing and multiple slip effects. Comput Math Appl2016; 72: 2562–2581.
11.
GiriSSDasKKunduPK. Stefan blowing effects on MHD bioconvection flow of a nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms with active and passive nanoparticles flux. Eur Phys J Plus2017; 132: 1–14.
12.
AmirsomNAUddinMJIsmailAIM. MHD boundary layer bionanoconvective non-Newtonian flow past a needle with Stefan blowing. Heat Transf Asian Res2019; 48: 727–743.
13.
TsaiTHLiouDSKuoLS, et al. Rapid mixing between ferro-nanofluid and water in a semi-active Y-type micromixer. Sens Actuators B2009; 153: 267–273.
14.
LiHLiuSDaiZ, et al. Applications of nanomaterials in electrochemical enzyme biosensors. Sensors2009; 9: 8547–8561. ISSN 1424-8220.
15.
MunirAWangJZhouHS. Dynamics of capturing process of multiple magnetic nanoparticles in a flow through microfluidic bioseparation system. IET Nanobiotechnol2009; 3(3): 55–64. ISSN 1751-8741.
16.
KuznetsovAVAvramenkoAA. Effect of small particles on this stability of bioconvection in a suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in a layer of finite depth. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2004; 31(1): 1–10.
17.
HussainSMuhammadSAliG, et al. A bioconvection model for squeezing flow between parallel plates containing gyrotactic microorganisms with impact of thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption. J Adv Math Comput Sci2018; 27(4): 1–22.
18.
HosseinzadehKAlizadehMGanjiDD. Retracted article: hydrothermal analysis on MHD squeezing nanofluid flow in parallel plates by analytical method. Int J Mech Mater Eng2018; 13(1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1186/s40712-018-0089-7
19.
KesettiROjjelaO. Entropy generation analysis of natural convective chemically reacting squeezing flow of Casson fluid between parallel disks with Hall and Ion slip currents. Heat Transf Asian Res2019; 48(8): 4320–4341.
ZhangLArainMBBhattiMM, et al. Effects of magnetic Reynolds number on swimming of gyrotactic microorganisms between rotating circular plates filled with nano-fluids. Appl Math Mech2020; 41(4): 637–654.
22.
AbbasiAMaboodFFarooqW, et al. Bioconvective flow of viscoelastic nanofluid over a convective rotating stretching disk. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2020; 119: 104921.
23.
ZhaoQXuHTaoL. Unsteady bioconvection squeezing flow in a horizontal channel with chemical reaction and magnetic field effects. Math Probl Eng2017; 2017: 1–9.
24.
Bin-MohsinBAhmedNKhanU, et al. A bioconvection model for a squeezing flow of nanofluid between parallel plates in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. Eur Phys J Plus2017; 132(4): 1–12.
25.
RaeesAXuHLiaoSJ. Unsteady mixed nano-bioconvection flow in a horizontal channel with its upper plate expanding or contracting. Int J Heat Mass Transf2015; 86: 174–182.
26.
KhanSIMohyud-DinSTYangXJ. Squeezing flow of micropolar nanofluid between parallel disks. J Magn2016; 21(3): 476–489.
27.
BégOABasirMFMUddinMJ, et al. Numerical study of slip effects on unsteady asymmetric bioconvective nanofluid flow in a porous microchannel with an expanding/contracting upper wall using buongiorno’s model. J Mech Med Biol2017; 17(03): 1750059-1-1750059-28 DOI: 10.1142/s0219519417500592
28.
HussainSAAliGShahSIA, et al. Bioconvection model for Magneto hydrodynamics squeezing nanofluid flow with heat and mass transfer between two parallel plates containing gyrotactic microorganisms under the influence of thermal radiations. Punjab Univ J Math2019; 51(4): 13–36.
29.
DasKDuariPRKunduPK. Nanofluid bioconvection in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms and chemical reaction in a porous medium. J Mech Sci Technol2015; 29(11): 4841–4849.
30.
QayyumAAwaisMAlsaediA, et al. Unsteady squeezing flow of Jeffery fluid between two parallel disks. Chin Phys Lett2012; 29(3): 034701.
31.
UddinMJKabirMNBégOA. Computational investigation of Stefan blowing and multiple-slip effects on buoyancy-driven bioconvection nanofluid flow with microorganisms. Int J Heat Mass Transf2016; 95: 116–130.
32.
YusufTANaveen KumarRPunith GowdaRJ, et al. Entropy generation on flow and heat transfer of a reactive MHD Sisko fluid through inclined walls with porous medium. Int J Ambient Energy2022; 43: 6307–6316.
33.
WangFAsjadMIZahidM, et al. Unsteady thermal transport flow of Casson nanofluids with generalized Mittag–Leffler kernel of Prabhakar′s type. J Mater Res Technol2021; 14: 1292–1300.
34.
AlhadhramiAVishalakshiCSPrasannaBM, et al. Numerical simulation of local thermal non-equilibrium effects on the flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian Casson fluid in a porous media. Case Stud Therm Eng2021; 28(1–11): 101483.
35.
ZaibABhattacharyyaKShafieS. Unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking sheet with suction in a copper-water nanofluid. J Central South Univ2015; 22: 4856–4863.
36.
ZaibARashidiMMChamkhaA, et al. Numerical solution of second law analysis for MHD Casson nanofluid past a wedge with activation energy and binary chemical reaction. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2017; 27: 2858–2901. DOI: 10.1108/hff-02-2017-0063
37.
VermaAKGautamAKBhattacharyyaK, et al. Entropy generation analysis of Falkner–Skan flow of Maxwell nanofluid in porous medium with temperature-dependent viscosity. Pramana2021; 95: 69.
38.
VermaAKGautamAKBhattacharyyaK, et al. Boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a moving flat plate in Darcy porous medium with a parallel free-stream: multiple solutions and stability analysis. Pramana2021; 95: 173.
39.
BanerjeeABhattacharyyaKMahatoSK, et al. Influence of various shapes of nanoparticles on unsteady stagnation-point flow of Cu-H2O nanofluid on a flat surface in a porous medium: a stability analysis. Chin Phys B2022; 31(4): 044701.
40.
RajputSPandeyAKBhattacharyyaK, et al. Effect of convective boundary condition on unsteady flow of CNT-H2O nanofluid towards a stagnation-point on a shrinking/expanding flat sheet. Proc IMechE, Part J2022; 236: 1023–1033.
41.
RajputSVermaAKBhattacharyyaK, et al. Unsteady nonlinear mixed convective flow of nanofluid over a wedge: buongiorno model. Waves Random Complex Media2021; 31: 1–15. DOI: 10.1080/17455030.2021.1987586
42.
VermaAKRajputSBhattacharyyaK, et al. Nanoparticles radius effect on unsteady mixed convective copper-water nanofluid flow over an expanding sheet in porous medium with boundary slip. Chem Eng J Adv2022; 12: 100366.
43.
RajputSBhattacharyyaKVermaAK, et al. Unsteady stagnation-point flow of CNTs suspended nanofluid on a shrinking/expanding sheet with partial slip: multiple solutions and stability analysis. Waves Random Complex Media2022; 32: 1–22. DOI: 10.1080/17455030.2022.2063986
44.
VermaAKBhattacharyyaKRajputS, et al. Buoyancy driven non-Newtonian Prandtl-Eyring nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium over inclined non-linear expanding sheet with double stratification. Waves Random Complex Media2022; 32: 1–33. DOI: 10.1080/17455030.2022.2062482
45.
ChoiSUSEastmanJA. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: ASME international mechanical engineering congress & exposition, 1995; San Francisco: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
46.
BhattaDPMishraSRDashJK. Unsteady squeezing flow of water-based nanofluid between two parallel disks with slip effects: Analytical approach. Heat Transf Asian Res2019; 48: 1575–1594.
47.
Sathish KumarMSandeepNRushi KumarB. Unsteady MHD nonlinear radiative squeezing slip-flow of Casson fluid between parallel disks. J Comput Appl Res Mech Eng2017; 7: 35–45.
48.
Mohyud-DinSTKhanSIBin-MohsinB. Velocity and temperature slip effects on squeezing flow of nanofluid between parallel disks in the presence of mixed convection. Neural Comput Appl2017; 28: 169–182.
49.
SobamowoGMAkinshiloAT. Double diffusive magnetohydrodynamic squeezing flow of nanofluid between two parallel disks with slip and temperature jump boundary conditions. Appl Comput Mech2017; 11: 167–182.
50.
BenosLTKarvelasEGSarrisIE. Crucial effect of aggregations in CNT-water nanofluid magnetohydrodynamic natural convection. Therm Sci Eng Prog2019; 11: 263–271.
51.
BenosLSarrisIE. Analytical study of the magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of a nanofluid filled horizontal shallow cavity with internal heat generation. Int J Heat Mass Transf2019; 130: 862–873.
52.
GkountasAABenosLTSofiadisGN, et al. A printed-circuit heat exchanger consideration by exploiting an Al2O3-water nanofluid: effect of the nanoparticles interfacial layer on heat transfer. Therm Sci Eng Prog2021; 22: 1–10.
53.
BenosLTKarvelasEGSarrisIE. A theoretical model for the magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of a CNT-water nanofluid incorporating a renovated Hamilton-Crosser model. Int J Heat Mass Transf2019; 135: 548–560.
54.
JayaprakashMCAlsulamiMDShankerB, et al. Investigation of Arrhenius activation energy and convective heat transfer efficiency in radiative hybrid nanofluid flow. Waves Random Complex Media2022; 32: 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/17455030.2021.2022811
55.
WangFRaniSPSaradaK, et al. The effects of nanoparticle aggregation and radiation on the flow of nanofluid between the gap of a disk and cone. Case Stud Therm Eng2022; 33: 1–11.
56.
ManjunathaPTPunith GowdaRJNaveen KumarR, et al. Numerical simulation of carbon nanotubes nanofluid flow over vertically moving disk with rotation. Partial Differ Equ Appl Math2021; 4: 1–7.
57.
SoumyaDOGireeshaBJVenkateshP, et al. Effect of NP shapes on Fe3O4– Ag/kerosene and Fe3O4– Ag/water hybrid nanofluid flow in suction/injection process with nonlinear-thermal-radiation and slip condition; Hamilton and Crosser’s model. Waves Random Complex Media2022; 32: 1–22. DOI: 10.1080/17455030.2021.2022813
58.
AdnanADNANKhanUAhmedN, et al. A novel analysis of heat transfer in the nanofluid composed by nanodimaond and silver nanomaterials: numerical investigation. Sci Rep2022; 12(1): 1284.
59.
MustafaMKhanJA. Model for flow of Casson nanofluid past a non-linearly stretching sheet considering magnetic field effects. AIP Adv2015; 5: 077148.
60.
JoneidiAADomairryGMBabaelahiM. Effect of mass transfer on the flow in the magnetohydrodynamic squeeze film between two parallel disks with one porous disk. Chem Eng Commun2011; 198: 299–311.
61.
ChandrasekharaBCKanthaRRudraiahN. Effect of slip on porous-walled squeeze films in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Appl Sci Res1979; 34: 393–411.
62.
VermaPDS. Magnetic fluid-based squeeze film. Int J Eng Sci1986; 24: 395–401.
63.
ZuecoJBégOA. Network numerical analysis of hydromagnetic squeeze film flow dynamics between two parallel rotating disks with induced magnetic field effects. Tribol Int2010; 43: 532–543.
64.
BuongiornoJ. Convective transport in nanofluids. J Heat Transf2006; 128: 240–250.
65.
HashmiMMHayatTAlsaediA. On the analytic solutions for squeezing flow of nanofluid between parallel disks. Nonlinear Anal2012; 17(4): 418–430.
