Heat transfer and optimized entropy explanation of nanofluid flow via stretchable nonparallel plates depending on Soret and Dufour diffusions

This study explores the heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation optimization in the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids between stretchable nonparallel plates, considering the effects of Soret and Dufour diffusions. Thermal transference is a critical aspect of many industrial applications, and its efficiency can be significantly improved through the suspension of nanoparticles in base fluids. The proposed model incorporates the complexities of non-Newtonian fluid behavior, nanoparticle dynamics, and porous media, all within a converging/diverging channel geometry subjected to a magnetic field. A comprehensive analysis is carried out by applying appropriate non-dimensional parameters to examine their influence on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The results reveal that an increase in the Hartmann number leads to enhanced velocity but reduced temperature, particularly in converging channels. Entropy generation intensifies with an increase in the Brinkman number due to higher viscous dissipation, whereas it diminishes with rising Reynolds number, indicating improved thermal performance. Moreover, converging geometries demonstrate superior heat and mass transfer rates compared to diverging ones. The impact of Soret and Dufour effects on cross-diffusion processes is also found to be significant. This study underscores the importance of entropy optimization in enhancing thermal efficiency and offers valuable insights for the design and development of advanced thermal systems used in microfluidics, heat exchangers, and energy-related technologies.