Kinetic equations for non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation induced by applied tensile stress

Based on an earlier model, a set of kinetic equations is derived to formulate the process of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation induced by a low tensile stress. These kinetic equations allow excellent simulation of the grain boundary segregation of phosphorus and sulphur observed in steels subjected to low tensile stresses. The simulation results justify both the earlier model and the present kinetic equations. They also show that an applied tensile stress can increase the diffusion rate of solute-vacancy complexes and decrease that of isolated solute atoms significantly, and can also bring forward the critical time of non-equilibrium segregation for phosphorus and delay that for sulphur.