Key factors influencing mechanical performance of dual phase steel resistance spot welds

Abstract

Quasi-static tensile shear mechanical properties of resistance spot welds of three dual phase (DP) grades including DP600, DP780 and DP980 are investigated. Results showed that weld fusion zone size, failure mode and the strength/ductility of failure location are the main factors governing the peak load and the energy absorption of spot welds. Heat affected zone (HAZ) softening plays an important role in mechanical properties of DP steels with higher volume fraction of martensite (i.e. DP780 and DP980). It was shown that the peak load of the spot welds is not proportionally correlated to the tensile strength of the base metal. Pronounced HAZ softening in DP980 resulted in reducing its tendency to fail in interfacial failure mode in comparison to DP780. In addition, despite its lower base metal ductility, DP980 weld exhibits enhanced ductility and energy absorption than DP780 due to its pronounced HAZ softening.

Keywords

RESISTANCE SPOT WELD DUAL PHASE STEEL AHSS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FAILURE MODE HAZ SOFTENING

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Kim

S. J.

, Lee

C. G.

, Choi

and Lee

: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, 32A, 505–514.

Tumuluru

M. D.

: Weld. J., 2007, 86, 31–37.

Pouranvari

, Abedi

, Marashi

and Goodarzi

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13, 39–43.

Sun

, Stephens

E. V.

and Khaleel

M. A.

: Eng. Fail. Anal., 2008, 15, 356–367.

Pouranvari

, Asgari

H. R.

, Mosavizadeh

S. M.

, Marashi

P. H.

and Goodarzi

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2007, 12, 217–225.

Zuniga

and Sheppard

S. D.

: in ‘Fatigue and fracture mechanics’, Vol. 27, ASTM STP 1296, (ed. R. S. Piascik et al.), 469–489; 1997, Philadelphia, USA, ASTM.

Marya

, Wang

, Hector

L. G.

and Gayden

: J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2006, 287–298.

Zuniga

S. M.

: ‘Predicting overload pull-out failures in resistance spot welded’, PhD thesis, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 1994.

Lee

, Kim

and Lee

T. S.

: Eng. Fract. Mech., 2005, 72, 1203–1221.

10.

Han

and Indacochea

J. E.

: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 1993, 2, 437–444.

11.

Goodarzi

, Marashi

S. P. H.

and Pouranvari

: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209, 4379–4384.

12.

Marya

and Gayden

X. Q.

: Weld. J., 2005, 84, 172s–182s.

13.

Marya

and Gayden

X. Q.

: Weld J., 2005, 84, 197s–204s.

14.

Khan

M. I

, Kuntz

M. L.

, Su

, Gerlich

, North

and Zhou

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2007, 12, 175–182.

15.

, Bhole

S. D.

, Chen

D. L.

, Lee

, Biro

and Boudreau

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2006, 11, 480–487.

16.

, Chen

D. L.

, Bhole

S. D.

, Boudreau

, Lee

and Biro

: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, A485, 334–346.

17.

Pakalnins

and Morrisette

: ‘Comparative resistance spot weld characterization of 600 MPa dual-phase steels using DOE analysis’, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. on ‘Sheet metal welding’, Livonia, MI, May 2004, AWS, Paper 1–3.

18.

‘Specification for metal-arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels’, BS5135, British Standard Institute, London, 1974.

19.

‘Recommended practices for test methods and evaluation the resistance spot welding behavior of automotive sheet steels’, ANSI/AWS/SAE D8·9–97, 1997.

20.

Khan

M. I

, Kuntz

M. L

and Zhou

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13, 294–304.

21.

Radakovic

D. J.

and Tumuluru

M. D.

: Weld. J., 2008, 87, 96s–105s.

22.

Joaquin

, Elliott

A. N. A.

and Jiang

: Weld. J., 2007, 86, 24–27.

23.

Pouranvari

, Marashi

, Goodarzi

and Bahmanpour

: ‘Metallurgical factors affecting failure mode of resistance spot welds’, Proc. Conf. on ‘Materials science and technology’, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, October 2008, AcerS/AIST/ASM/TMS, 2465–2475.

24.

Sun

, Stephens

E. V.

, Davies

R. W.

, Khaleel

M. A.

and Spinella

D. J.

: Weld. J., 2004, 83, 188s–195s.

25.

Xia

, Biro

, Tian

and Zhou

: ISIJ Int., 2008, 48, 809–814.

26.

Kunishige

, Yamauchi

, Taka

and Nagao

: ‘Softening in weld heat affected zone of dual phase steel sheet for automotive wheel rim’, SAE paper no. 830632, SAE, Warrendale, PA, USA, 1983.

27.

Kapustka

, Conrardy

, Babu

and Albright

: Weld J., 2008, 87, 135s–148s.

28.

Wibowo

M. K.

and Richardson

I. M.

: Adv. Mater. Res., 2007, 15–17, 1020–1025.

29.

Baltazar Hernandez

V. H.

, Panda

S. K.

, Kuntz

M. L.

and Zhou

: Mater. Lett., Volume 64, 2010, Pages 207–210.

30.

Lin

P. C.

, Lin

S. H.

and Pan

: Eng. Fract. Mech., 2006, 73, 2229–2249.

31.

Nikoosohbat

, Kheirandish

S H.

, Goodarzi

, Pouranvari

and Marashi

S. P. H.

: Mater. Sci. Technol., to be published.

32.

Sun

, Stephens

E. V.

and Khaleel

M. A.

: Weld. J., 2007, 86, 18s–25s.

33.

Hernandez

V. H. B.

, Kuntz

M. L.

, Khan

M. I.

and Zhou

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13, 769–776.

34.

Heuschkel

: Weld. J, 1952, 31, 931s–943s.

35.

Sawhill

J. M.

and Baker

J. C.

: Weld. J., 1980, 59, 19ss–30s.