Diffusion simulations of MC and M 7 C 3 carbide coarsening in bcc and fcc matrix utilising new thermodynamic and kinetic description

Abstract

A new thermodynamic database has been combined with an existing kinetic database to perform coarsening simulations in ternary systems including MC and M₇C₃ carbides in an fcc matrix. The kinetic database was revised taking into consideration the new experimental information on the Fe–Cr–V–C system obtained in the present work, and available experiments on the ternary Fe–Cr–C and Fe–V–C systems. After revision the agreement between experimental results and simulations was satisfactory. It was found that the interfacial energy of M₇C₃ was twice as large as that of the MC carbide. The calculations for commercial steels with 6 alloy elements gave results in satisfactory agreement with new experimental measurements. The present coarsening simulations use the calculated equilibrium state and the observed particle sizes as the state for the start of the simulations. All the simulations were performed with the DICTRA software.

Keywords

CARBIDE COARSENING DIFFUSION SIMULATIONS THERMODYNAMIC MODELLING MOBILITIES DICTRA

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ostwald

: Z. Phys. Chem., 1900, 34, 495–503.

Zener

: J. Appl. Phys., 1949, 20, 950–953.

Greenwood

G. W.

: Acta Metall, 1956, 4, 243–248.

Lifshitz

I. M.

and Slyozov

V. V.

: J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1961, 19, 35–50.

Wagner

: Z. Electrochem., 1961, 65, 581–591.

Agren

: J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1982, 43, 385–391.

Andersson

J.-O.

, Hoglund

, Jönsson

and Agren

: in ‘Fundamentals and applications of ternary diffusion’, (ed. Purdy

C. R.

), 153-163; 1990, New York, Pergamon.

Sundman

, Jansson

and Andersson

J.-O.

: Calphad, 1985, 9, 153–190.

Available at: www.met.kth.se/projects/cct/cct.html

10.

Bratberg

: Z. für Metallkunde, 2005, 96, 335–344.

11.

Bratberg

and Karin Frisk: Metall Mater. Trans. A, 2004, 35A, 3649–3663.

12.

Agren

: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Inst., 1992, 32, 291–296.

13.

Available at: www.thermocalc.se/Products/databas_ny/TCFE 3. htm

14.

Kaufman

and Bernstein

: ‘Computer calculations of phase diagrams’; 1970, New York, Academic Press.

15.

Saunders

and Miodownik

A. P.

: ‘Calphad calculations of phase diagrams, a comprehensive guide’, (ed. Cahn

R. W.

); 1998, New York, Pergamon.

16.

Hillert

: J. Alloys Compd, 2001, 320, 161–176.

17.

Inden

: Phys. B, 1981, 103B, 82–100.

18.

Hillert

and Jar!

: Calphad, 1978, 2, 227–238.

19.

Andersson

J.-O.

and Agren

: J. Appl Phys., 1992, 72, 1350–1355.

20.

Jönsson

: Z. Metallkunde, 1994, 85, 502–509.

21.

Kucera

and Million

: Metall Trans. A, 1970, 1A, 2603–2606.

22.

Bjärbo

and Hättestrand

: Metall Mater. Trans. A, 2001, 32A, 19–27.

23.

Fujita

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci Technol, 1999, 15, 627–634.

24.

Fujita

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci Technol, 2001, 17, 403–408.

25.

Yamasaki

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci Technol, 2003, 19, 723–731.

26.

Yamasaki

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci Technol, 2003, 19, 1335–1343.

27.

Wey

M. Y.

, Sakuma

and Nishizawa

: Trans. Jpn Inst. Metals, 1981, 22, 733–742.

28.

Jönsson

: Scand. J. Metall, 1995, 24, 21–27.

29.

Gruzin

P. L.

: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1954, 94, 681–684.

30.

Huntz

A. M.

, Guiraldenq

, Aucouturier

and Lacombe

: Mem. Sci Rev. Metall, 1969, 66, 85–104.

31.

Bowen

A. W.

and Leak

G. M.

: Metall Trans., 1970, 1, 1695–1700.

32.

Ray

S. P.

and Sharma

B. D.

: Trans. Ind Inst. Met., 1970, 23, 77–81.

33.

Huntz

A. M.

: Mem. Sci Rev. Metall, 1973, 70, 81–101.

34.

Ruzickova

and Million

: Mater. Sci Eng., 1981, 50, 59–64.

35.

Heumann

and Böhmer

: Arch. Eisenhiittenwes., 1960, 31, 749–754.

36.

Davin

, Leroy

, Coutsouradis

and Habraken

: Mem. Sci Rev. Metall, 1963, 60, 275–284.

37.

Borisov

V. T.

, Golikov

V. M.

and Dubinin

G. N.

: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1964, 4, 147–152.

38.

Hartl

and Weyer

: Arch. Eisenhiittenwes., 1973, 44, 381–383.

39.

Alberry

P. J.

and Haworth

C. W.

: Metall Sci, 1974,8, 407–412.

40.

Kucera

and Million

: Z. Metallk., 1970, 61, 160–162.

41.

Hannemann

R. E.

, Ogilvie

R. E.

and Gatos

H. C.

: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1965, 233, 691–698.

42.

Gustafson

and Hättestrand

: Mater. Sci Eng., 2002, 333, 279–286.