Barium strontium titanate (BST) powders of high purity, good crystallinity and well dispersed with a diameter of 50–90 nm are prepared by microwave hydrothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate, barium nitrate and strontium nitrate as the main raw materials. The phase composition, element composition and microstructure of the powders are characterised by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 powders could be synthesised under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 70°C, the reaction time is 10 min, and the value of pH is 14, which indicates that the reaction temperature, time and the value of pH have a great effect on the crystallinity of nanopowders, and the dispersant (OP-10) plays a role in the dispersion of the nanopowders.
ZhuangH. R., YangJ. A., LiY. H., GanX. P., ZhangD. and ZhouK. C.: ‘Preparation and dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate ceramic’, Mater. Sci. Eng. Powder Metall., 2012, 17, 650–656.
2.
ZhaoC., HuangX. Y., GaoH. and GaoC. H.: ‘Effect of Y2O3 and Dy2O3 on dielectric properties of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 series capacitor ceramics’, J. Rare Earths, 2007, 25, 197–200.
3.
HuT., JantunenH. and UusimakiA.: ‘B0.7Sr0.3TiO3 powders with B2O3 additive prepared by the sol–gel method for use as microwave material’, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 2002, 5, 215–221.
4.
IoachimA., ToacsanM., BanciuM., NedelcuL., VasiliuF., AlexandruH., BerbecaruC. and StoicaG.: ‘Barium strontium titanate-based perovskite materials for microwave applications’, Prog. Solid State Chem., 2007, 35, 513–520.
5.
JeonJ.: ‘Effect of SrTiO3 concentration and sintering temperature on microstructure and dielectric constant of Ba1 − xSrxTiO3’, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2004, 24, 1045–1048.
6.
XiaoC. J., LeiC. Q. and ZouW. J.: ‘New sintering method and novel characteristics of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics’, Mater. Rev., 2007, 21, 11–13.
7.
ZhangX. L. and WangH. L.: ‘Study progress on preparation of barium titanate powder’, Hydrometall. China, 2007, 26, 17–21.
8.
MilestoneN. B. and Ghanbari AhariK.: ‘Hydrothermal processing of xonotlite based compositions’, Adv. Appl. Ceram., 2007, 106, 302–307.
9.
QianG. R., SunD. D., TayJ. H. and LaiZ. Y.: ‘Hydrothermal reaction and autoclave stability of Mg bearing RO phase in steel slag’, Adv. Appl. Ceram., 2002, 101, 159–164.
10.
FuentesS., ChávezE., Padilla-CamposL. and Diaz-DroguettD. E.: ‘Influence of reactant type on the Sr incorporation grade and structural characteristics of Ba1 − xSrxTiO3 (x = 0–1) grown by sol–gel-hydrothermal synthesis’, Ceram. Int., 2013, 39, 8823–8831.
11.
ZhangH. F., YaoX. and ZhangL. Y.: ‘Preparation of barium strontium titanate thick films by a modified sol–gel route’, Adv. Appl. Ceram., 2006, 10, 80–92.
12.
DongD., LiuX. B., YuH. X. and HuW. C.: ‘Fabrication of highly dispersed crystallized nanoparticles of barium strontium titanate in the presence of N,N-dimethylacetamide’, Ceram. Int., 2011, 37, 579–583.
13.
LiM. L. and XuM. X.: ‘Effect of dispersant on preparation of barium–strontium titanate powders through oxalate co-precipitation method’, Mater. Res. Bull., 2009, 44, 937–942.
14.
ZuoX. H., DengX. Y., ChenY. and RuanM.: ‘A novel method for preparation of barium strontium titanate nanopowders’, Mater. Lett., 2010, 64, 1150–1153.
15.
AvilaH., RamajoL., ReboredoM., CastroM. and ParraR.: ‘Hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO3 from different Ti-precursors and microstructural and electrical properties of sintered samples with submicrometric grain size’, Ceram. Int., 2011, 37, 2383–2390.
16.
SimoesA. Z., MouraF., OnofreT. B. and RamirezM. A.: ‘Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of barium strontium titanate nanoparticles’, J. Alloys Compd, 2010, 508, 620–624.
17.
JungD. S., HongS. K., ChoJ. S. and KangY. C.: ‘Morphologies and crystal structures of nano-sized Ba1 − xSrxTiO3 primary particles prepared by flame spray pyrolysis’, Mater. Res. Bull., 2008, 43, 1789–1799.
18.
HayashiH. and HakutaY.: ‘Hydrothermal synthesis of metaloxide nanoparticles in supercritical water’, Materials, 2010, 3, 3794–3817.
19.
RoederR. K. and SlamovichE. B.: ‘Stoichiometry control and phase selection in hydrothermally derived BaxSr1 − xTiO3 powders’, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1999, 82, 1665–1675.
20.
MurugarajP. and KuttyT. R. N.: ‘EPR studies on donor doped BaTiO3 grain boundary layer ceramic dielectrics’, Mater. Res. Bull., 1985, 20, 1473–1482.
21.
YuJ. and ZhouY.: ‘Microwave hydrothermal synthesis and photodegradation activities for ciprofloxacin under visible light of InVO4 nanocrystals’, Adv. Appl. Ceram., 2014, 18, 196–200.
22.
ChenJ., LiS. Q., CheM. C. and YiW. D.: ‘Preparation and characterisation of BaTiO3 nanopowder by microwave assisted microemulsion method’, Adv. Appl. Ceram., 2015, 114, 150–155.
23.
SuM. Z. and XieiG. Y.: ‘Solid state chemistry and its application’, 278–279; 1989, Shanghai, Fudan University Press.
24.
ParkZ. H. and ShinH. S.: ‘Particles size control of barium titanate prepared from barium titanyl oxalate’, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1997, 80, 1599–1604.
25.
NiX. Y., YaoL. F. and ShenJ.: ‘The preparation technology of nano-materials’, 47–48; 2007, Beijing, Chemical Industry Press.
26.
FangX. M. and ChenZ. M.: ‘A new technology to synthesize SrTiO3 superfine powder’, Electron Compon. Mater., 1996, 15, 54–58.
27.
MoonJ., KerchnerJ. A., KrarupH. and AdairJ. H.: ‘Hydrothermal synthesis of ferroelectric perovskites from chemically modified titanium isopropoxide and acetate salts’, J. Mater. Res., 1999, 14, 425–435.
28.
CaoW., XuY. and WangS.: ‘Preparation of La(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3 powders viacitric acid pre-cursor’, Mater. Lett., 2005, 59, 1914–1918.
