The flow of information is an essential tool for all scientific research and is here examined within and between sciences. Examples are quoted of diffusion across scientific disciplines and technologies, and how science in new papers and in general scientific journals help scientists. Informal channel of communication are discussed and interdisciplinary contacts during conferences are considered. The change of research field by individual scientists is thought to have inherent limitations.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
See, e.g. MaleckiI. and OlszewskiE.. InSociology of Science, edited byBarnesB., pp. 147–165. Penguin Books, Harmonsworth, England (1972).
2.
DahlingR. L., Shannon's information theory: the spread of an idea. Institute for Communication Research, Stanford University, California (1962).
3.
CraneD., Invisible Colleges: diffusion of knowledge in scientific communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1972).
4.
See, e.g. AllenT. J., PiepmeierJ. M. and CooneyS., The international technological gatekeeper, Technol. Rev. 73, 36–43 (1971).
5.
CawkellA. E., Connections between engineeering and science. IEEE Trans. Prof. Commun. 18, 71–73 (1975).
6.
CrowtherJ. G., The Cavendish Laboratory: 1874–1974, p. 391. Macmillan, London (1974).
7.
SeeGerstlJ. E. and HuttonS. P., Engineers: the anatomy of a profession. Tavistock Publications, London (1966).
See, e.g. TurnerG. L'E., Microscopical communication. J. Microsc. (Oxford)100, 3–20 (1974).
10.
WeinerC., editor, Exploring the History of Nuclear Physics, p. 72. American Institute of Physics, New York (1972).
11.
MenzelH., LiebermanL. and DulchinJ., Review of Studies of Information among Scientists. Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University, New York (1960).
12.
AltickR. D., The Scholar Adventurers, p. 10. Macmillan, New York (1960).
13.
Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Bull. 16, [No. 2] (1971).
14.
WallaceA. R., My Life: A Record of Events and Opinions, pp. 189–190. Chapman and Hall, London (1908).
15.
GarveyW. D., LinN. and TomitaK., Research Studies in Scientific Communication (V). Inf. Storage Retr. 8, 265–276 (1972).
16.
WeinerC., editor. Exploring the History of Nuclear Physics, p. 31. American Institute of Physics, New York (1972).
17.
HudsonL., The Cult of the Factp. 45. Jonathan Cape, London (1972).
18.
MulkayM. J. and EdgeD. O., Cognitive, technical and social factors in the growth of radio astronomy. Soc. Sci. Inf. 12, 25–61 (1973).
19.
OlbyR., The Path to the Double Helix, p. 231. Macmillan, London (1974).
20.
MullinsN. C., The Development of a Scientific Speciality: the Phage Group and the Origins of Molecular Biology. Minerva10, 51–82 (1972).
21.
OlbyR., The Path to the Double Helix, p. 328. Macmillan, London (1974).
22.
MeinheadJ. E., Chromatography: a perspective. Science110, 387–392 (1949).
23.
See, e.g. RuitenbeckH. M., editor. Psychoanalysis and Literature. E. P. Dutton, New York (1964).
