Relative displacement is a parameter that has a very high correlation with damage. The objective of this article is to develop an analysis procedure founded on the displacement-based seismic design methodology. Generalized interstory drift spectrum is applied as an essential tool in this new method called drift pushover analysis. In order to evaluate the behavior of structures, three demand parameters—lateral displacement, story shear, and plastic hinge rotation—are computed with conventional pushover analysis (CPA), modal pushover analysis (MPA), and drift pushover analysis (DPA), and are compared with those of the nonlinear time history analysis (NTA). It is observed that the new method, DPA, predicts the peak response measures more precisely and with less effort than the other nonlinear pushover procedures investigated in this study.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Concrete Institute (ACI), 2005. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (318R-05), ACI Committee 318, Farmington Hills, MI, 430 pp.
2.
American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE), 2006. Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, ASCE-41-06, Reston, VA.
3.
ANSYS, Inc., 2010. ANSYS® Academic Research, Release 13.0, Help System, Coupled Field Analysis Guide, available at http://www.ansys.com/.
4.
AntonioS., and PinhoR., 2004. Development and verification of a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure, Journal of Earthquake Engineering8, 643–661.
5.
Applied Technology Council (ATC-40), 1996. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, Volumes 1 and 2, Report No. ATC-40, Redwood City, CA.
6.
Applied Technology Council (ATC-58), 2009. Guidelines for Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings, ATC-58, prepared for the Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
7.
BehnamfarF., and NafariehA. R., 2003. A method of scaling design earthquake ground motions for performance-based seismic design, 1st National Congress on Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran.
8.
BracciJ. M., KunnathS. K., and ReinhornA. M., 1997. Seismic performance and retrofit evaluation for reinforced concrete structures, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 123, 3–10.
9.
Building Seismic Safety Council (FEMA 273), 1997. NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 273, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
10.
ChopraA. K., and GoelR. K., 2002. A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics31, 561–582.
11.
ChopraA. K., GoelR. K., and ChintanapakdeeC., 2004. Evaluation of a modified MPA procedure assuming higher modes as elastic to estimate seismic demands, Earthquake Spectra20, 757–778.
12.
ElnashaiA. S., 2001. Advanced inelastic static (pushover) analysis for earthquake applications, Structural Engineering and Mechanics12, 51–69.
13.
ErogluT., and AkkarS., 2011. Lateral stiffness estimation in frames and its implementation to continuum models for linear and nonlinear static analysis, Bull Earthq Eng9, 1097–1114.
14.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA 356), 2000. Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 356, Washington, D.C.
15.
GuptaB., and KunnathS. K., 2000. Adaptive spectra-based pushover procedure for seismic evaluation of structures, Earthquake Spectra16, 367–391.
16.
International Code Council (IBC), 2006. International Building Code, Washington, D.C., 679 pp.
17.
IwanW. D., 1997. Drift spectrum: Measure of demand for earthquake ground motions, Journal of Structural Engineering123, 397–404.
18.
JanT. S., LiuM. W., and KaoY. C., 2004. An upper-bound pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands of high-rise buildings, Engineering Structures26, 117–128.
19.
KalkanE., and KunnathS. K., 2006. Adaptive modal combination procedure for nonlinear static analysis of building structures, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 132, 1721–1731.
20.
MahaneyJ. A., ParetT. F., KehoeB. E., and FreemanS. A., 1993. Capacity spectrum method for evaluating structural response during the Loma Prieta earthquake, in Proceedings of the 1993 National Earthquake Conference: Earthquake Hazard Reduction in the Central and Eastern United States: A Time for Examination and Action, Memphis, TN, 2–5 May, Vol. II, 501–510.
21.
MatsumoriT., OtaniS., ShioharaH., and KabeyasawaT., 1999. Earthquake member deformation demands in reinforced concrete frame structures, in Proceedings of the US-Japan Workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for R/C Building Structures, Maui, HI, PEER Center Report, University of California, Berkeley, 79–94.
22.
MazzoniS., McKennaF., ScottM. H., FenvesG. L., and JeremicB., 2006. OpenSees Command Language Manual, University of California, Berkeley, 465 pp.
23.
MirandaE., and AkkarS., 2005. Rapid Assessment of building response using generalized interstory drift spectra, in Directions in Strong Motion Instrumentation (GülkanP. and AndersonJ. G., Eds.), NATO Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 58, 107–121.
24.
MirandaE., and ReyesC. J., 2002. Approximate lateral drift demands in multi-story buildings with nonuniform stiffness, Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, 128, 840–849.
25.
MirandaE., and AkkarS., 2006. Generalized interstory drift demand spectrum, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 132, 840–852.
26.
National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering (NISEE), 2010. Drain-2DX, Static and Dynamic Analysis of Inelastic Plane Structures, available at http://nisee.berkeley.edu/software/drain2dx/.
27.
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), 2010. PEER NGA Strong Motion Database, available at http://peer.berkeley.edu/nga/.
28.
ReinosoE., and MirandaE., 2005. Estimation of floor acceleration demands in high-rise buildings during earthquakes, Struct Design Tall Spec Build14, 107–130.
SasakiK. K., FreemanS. A., and ParetT. F., 1998. Multi-mode pushover procedure (MMP) - a method to identify the effects of higher modes in a pushover analysis, in Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, WA, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA.
31.
SeismoSoft, 2002. SeismoSoft Manual and description of the program SeismoStruct (online), available at http://www.seismosoft.com.
