This paper describes a numerical study that investigates the effects of loading a lug with a pin. In this work, the loading direction is axial with respect to the lug. The models are both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D). The effects of a change in the level of pin interference, the amount of material around the pin hole, and the thickness of the lug are demonstrated and discussed. Through-thickness effects are shown to be appreciable, and a simple 2D model can give a potentially serious underestimation of the true stress levels which may be particularly significant when a joint is subjected to fatigue loading.
GrantR. J.SmartJ.StanleyP.A parametric study of the elastic stress distribution in pin-loaded lugsJ. Strain Analysis29 (4) (1994 299–307 DOI: 10.1243/03093247V294299
2.
GrantR. J.SmartJ.A parametric study of the elastic stresses in pin-loaded tubesJ. Strain Analysis32 (3) (1997 213–228 DOI: 10.1243/0309324971513355
3.
MeekR. M. G.Effect of pin bending on the stress distribution in thick plates loaded through pins, Report no. 311, National Engineering Laboratory, 1967.
Bismark-NasrM. N.PintoR. R.On the methodology of fitting designProc. IMechE, Part G: J. Aerospace Engineering218 (2004 279–286 DOI: 10.1243/0954410041872816
7.
AhmadI.StanleyP.Deformation and stresses in pin-loaded tubes under axial tensionJ. Strain Analysis35 (5) (2000 329–345 DOI: 10.1243/0309324001514116
8.
SchijveJ.The fatigue strength of riveted joints and lugs, Technical memorandum no. 1395, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1956.
9.
CurtinT. J.AdeyR. A.BrussatT. R.Computational and experimental fracture analysis of a pin-loaded lug, BEASY technical paper, 1999.
10.
HouJ. P.HillsD. A.Contact between a pin and a plate with a hole under interference-fit and clearance-fit conditionsProc. IMechE, Part C: J. Mechanical Engineering Science215 (2001 629–639 DOI: 10.1243/0954406011524009
11.
FrochtM. M.HillH. N.Stress concentration factors around a central circular hole in a plate loaded through a pin in the holeTrans. ASME, J. Appl. Mechanics, Part A7 (19405–9
12.
WangG. S.Stress analysis for a lug under various conditionsJ. Strain Analysis29 (1) (1994 7–16 DOI: 10.1243/03093247V291007
13.
HouJ. P.HillsD. A.Interference contact between a pin and plate with a holeJ. Strain Analysis36 (5) (2001 499–506 DOI: 10.1243/0309324011514656
14.
WearingJ. L.ArnellP. P.PattersonC.A study of the stress distribution in a lug loaded by a free fitting pinJ. Strain Analysis20 (4) (1985 217–224 DOI: 10.1243/0309324V204217
15.
BickleyW. G.Distribution of stress round a circular hole in a platePhil. Trans. R. Soc. A227 (1928383–415
16.
CozzoneF. P.MelconM. A.HoblitF. M.Analysis of lugs and shear pins made of aluminium or steel alloysProduct Engng21 (5) (1950113–117
17.
EkvallJ. C.Static strength analysis of pin-loaded lugsJ. Aircr.25 (5) (1986438–443
18.
ESDU, Strength of lugs, Data item 91008, ESDU, London, UK1991.
GrantR. J.SmartJ.Crack growth in pin-loaded tubes. Part 1: Numerical analysisJ. Strain Analysis34 (4) (1999 271–284 DOI: 10.1243/0309324991513795
21.
GrantR. J.SmartJ.Crack growth in pin-loaded tubes. Part 2: Comparison of experimental data with numerical resultsJ. Strain Analysis34 (4) (1999 253–269 DOI: 10.1243/0309324991513795
22.
LinS.HillsD. A.NowellD.Stresses in a flat plate due to a loose pin pressing against a cracked holeJ. Strain Analysis32 (2) (1997 145–156 DOI: 10.1243/0309324971513283
23.
ShivakumarK. N.NewmanJ. C.Stress concentrations for straight-shank and countersunk holes in plates subjected to tension, bending, and pin loading, Technical paper no. 3192, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 1992.
24.
25.
British Standards Institution, BS4500A/B standard, ISO limits and fits, BSI, February 1970.
