Effect of induced vortices on liquid outflow from vessels

Abstract

This paper considers the influence of viscosity and circulation on the effect of vortices on the liquid outflow from open vessels. One of the simplest possible arrangements is investigated: an axisymmetric vertical cylindrical vessel with an outlet in its base with the vortex flow generated by supplying the liquid through pipes located at the perimeter of the vessel. It is shown that for low liquid levels in the vessel the vortex provides a hindrance to the flow, but that for high liquid levels it is the vortex flow which discharges more freely. It is also shown that the liquid level in the vessel is proportional to the liquid flowrate, with the constant of proportionality being a function of viscosity and initial circulation.