Mechanical properties of vertebrate hard tissues

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Rho J. Y. Ashman R. B. Turner C. H. Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: Ultrasonic and microtensile measurements. J. Biomechanics, 1993, 26, 111–119.

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Odgaard A. Linde F. The underestimation of Young's modulus in compressive testing of cancellous bone specimens. J. Biomechanics, 1992, 24, 691–698.

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Carter D. R. Schwab G. H. Spengler D. M. Tensile fracture of cancellous bone. Acta Orthop. Scand., 1980, 51, 733–741.

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Gibson L. J. The mechanical behavior of cancellous bone. J. Biomechanics, 1985, 18, 341–349.

Keaveny T. M. Wachtel E. F. Ford C. M. Hayes W. C. Differences between the tensile and compressive strengths of bovine tibial trabecular bone depend on modulus. J. Biomechanics, 1994, 27, 1137–1146.

Zysset P. K. Curnier A. A 3D damage model for trabecular bone based on fabric tensors. J. Biomechanics, 1996, 29, 1549–1558.

Linde F. Pongsoipetch B. Frich L. H. Hvid H. Three-axial strain controlled testing applied to bone specimens from the proximal tibial epiphysis. J. Biomechanics, 1990, 23, 1167–1172.

Hodgskinson R. Currey J. D. Effects of structural variation on Young's modulus of non-human cancellous bone. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 1990, 204 (H1), 43–52.

Dalstra M. Huiskes R. Odgaard A. van Erning L. Mechanical and textural properties of pelvic trabecular bone. J. Biomechanics, 1993, 26, 523–525.

Linde F. Hvid I. Madsen F. The effect of specimen geometry on the mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone specimens. J. Biomechanics, 1992, 25, 359–368.

Bowen R. L. Rodriguez M. S. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of tooth structure and several restorative materials. J. Am. Dent. Ass., 1962, 64, 378–387.

Lehman M. I. Tensile strength of human dentin. J. Dent. Res., 1967, 46, 197–201.

Sano H. Ciucchi B. Matthews W. G. Pashley D. H. Tensile properties of mineralized and demineralized human and bovine dentin. J. Dent. Res., 1994, 73, 1205–1211.

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Peyton F. A. Mahler D. B. Hershanov B. Physical properties of dentine. J. Dent. Res., 1952, 31, 366–370.

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Brear K. Currey J. D. Kingsley M. C.S. Ramsey M. The mechanical design of the tusk of the narwhal (Monodon monoceros: Cetacea). J. Zool., Lond., 1993, 230, 411–423.

Observations in the author's laboratory.

Craig R. G. Peyton F. A. Elastic and mechanical properties of human dentin. J. Dent. Res., 1958, 37, 710–718.

Rasmussen S. T. Patchin R. E. Fracture properties of human enamel and dentin in an aqueous environment. J. Dent. Res., 1984, 63, 1362–1368.