This paper discusses the detailed three-dimensional modelling of a reciprocating engine geometry comprising a flat cylinder head and a bowl-in-piston combustion chamber, simulating the motoring or non-firing conditions. The turbulence is modelled using a standard k-ɛ model and the results are compared against experimental results from the literature. Computed velocity profiles at time steps close to top centre (TC) are presented. The effect of squish and reverse squish becomes significant in a high compression ratio reciprocating engine. This enhanced fluid movement during a reverse squish regime could have an effect on burn rate, particularly in a spark ignition engine fuelled with biomass-derived producer gas, which has optimum ignition timing close to TC.
VersteegH. K.MalalasekharaW.An Introduction to CFD–The Finite Volume Method, 1995 (Longman Scientific and Technical, London).
2.
LebrereL.DilliesB.Engine flow calculations using a Reynolds stress model in the Kiva-II code. SAE paper 960636, 1996, Vol. 105, pp. 882–904.
3.
WatkinsA. P.LiS.-P.CantR. S.Premixed combustion modeling for SI engine applications. SAE paper 961190, 1996, Vol. 105, pp. 1614–1626.
4.
SchapertonsH.ThieleF.Three dimensional computations for flow fields in DI piston bowls. SAE paper 860463, 1986, Vol. 95, pp. 135–151.
5.
HaworthD. C.SherifH.TahryE. I.HueblerM. S.ChangS.Multidimensional port-and-cylinder for two- and four-valve-per-cylinder engines: Influence of intake configuration on flow structure. SAE paper 900257, 1990, Vol. 99, pp. 647–675.
6.
TriguiN.AffesH.KentJ. C.Use of experimentally measured in-cylinder flow field data at IVC as initial conditions to CFD simulations of compression stroke in I.C. engines–a feasibility study. SAE paper 940280, 1994, Vol. 103, pp. 343–352.
7.
JonesP.JundsJ. S.Full cycle computational fluid dynamics calculations in a motored four valve pent roof combustion chamber and comparison with experiments. SAE paper 950282, 1995, Vol. 104, pp. 595–610.
8.
StraussT. S.SchweimerG. W.RitscherU.Combustion in a swirl chamber diesel engine simulation by computation of fluid dynamics. SAE paper 950280, 1995, Vol. 104, pp. 519–530.
9.
ReussD. L.KuoT. W.KhalighiB.HaworthD.RosalikM.Particle image velocimetry measurements in a high-swirl engine used for evaluation of computational fluid dynamics calculations. SAE paper 952381, 1995, Vol. 104, pp. 2073–2092.
10.
KhalighiB.El TahryS. H.HaworthD. C.HueblerM. S.Computation and measurement of flow and combustion in a four-valve engine with intake variations. SAE paper 950287, 1995, Vol. 104, pp. 611–644.
11.
BauerW.HeywoodJ. B.AvanessianO.ChuD.Flow characteristics in intake port of spark ignition engine investigated by CFD and transient gas temperature measurements. SAE paper 961997, 1996, Vol. 105, pp. 2110–2117.
12.
DuclosJ. M.BruneauxG.BaritaudT. A.3D modelling of combustion and pollutants in a 4-valve SI engine; effect of fuel and residuals distribution and spark location. SAE paper 961964, 1996, Vol. 105, pp. 2048–2062.
13.
SridharG.PaulP. J.MukundaH. S.Experiments and modelling of producer gas based reciprocating engines. In Proceedings of 2002 Fall Technical Conference of ASME Internal Combustion Engines Division, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2002, ICE-Vol. 39, paper no. ICEF2002-520, pp. 377–388.
14.
SridharG.Experimental and modelling studies of producer gas based spark-ignited reciprocating engines. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2003.
15.
SridharG.PaulP. J.MukundaH. S.Biomass derived producer gas as a reciprocating engine fuel–an experimental analysis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2001, 21, 61–72.
16.
HanZ.ReitzR. D.Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG ?-? model. Combustion Sci. Technol., 1995, 106, 267–295.
17.
HawkinsI. R.WilkesN. S.Moving grids in HARWELL-FLOW3D. AEA-InTec-0608, 1991.
18.
JenningsM. J.Multi-dimensional modeling of turbulent pre-mixed charge combustion. SAE paper 920589, 1992, Vol. 101, pp. 1106–1124.
19.
EkchianA.HoultD. P.Flow visualization study of intake process of an internal combustion engine. SAE paper 790095, 1979, Vol. 88, pp. 383–399.
20.
ArcoumanisC.BicenA. F.WhitelawJ. H.Squish and swirl-squish interaction in motored model engines. Trans. ASME J. Fluid Engng, 1983, 105, 105–112.
21.
HeywoodJ. B.Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, international edition, 1988 (McGraw-Hill, Singapore).
22.
CataniaA. E.SpessaE.Speed dependence of turbulence properties in a high-squish automotive engine combustion system, SAE paper 960268, 1996, Vol. 105, pp. 313–334.
23.
CorcioneF. E.ValentinoG.Analysis of in-cylinder flow processes by LDA. Combustion and Flame, 1994, 99, 387–394.
24.
LancasterD. R.Effects of engine variables on turbulence in a spark-ignition engine. SAE paper 760159, 1976, Vol. 85, pp. 671–688.
25.
IkegamiM.ShiojiM.NishimotoK.Turbulence intensity and spatial integral scale during compression and expansion strokes in a four cycle reciprocating engine. SAE paper 870372, 1987, Vol. 96, pp. 4.399-4.441.
26.
FlochA.FranckJ. V.AhmedA.Comparison of the effects of intake generated swirl and tumble on turbulence characteristic in a 4-valve engine. SAE paper 952457, 1995, Vol. 104, pp. 2239–2255.
27.
UrushiharaT.MurayamaT.TakagiY.LeeK.-H.Turbulence and cycle-by-cycle variation of mean velocity generated by swirl and tumble flow and their effects on combustion. SAE paper 950813, 1995, Vol. 104, pp. 1382–1389.
