This paper gives the modern general view of surface quality, and briefly reviews the most important methods of testing the characteristics of the surface layers produced by machining or processing. Methods of determining the remanent stresses are described in detail. After having demonstrated a newly developed method of test, the author discusses the magnitude and distribution of the remanent stresses brought about by the more important variants of heat treatment, surface compaction, machining, and grinding. In conclusion, an effective method is described for the complex investigation of the surface quality of gear teeth.
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