Alternative Representation for the Stability Diagram of Quadrupole Ion Traps upon Additional Quadrupolar Excitation

Abstract

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the stability of ions in a linear ion trap under the application of one or two auxiliary radiofrequency (RF) fields, in order to perform simultaneous resonant excitation/ejection of several different ions. The influence of the amplitude and frequency of the auxiliary field is addressed through the construction of experimental and theoretical stability diagrams. Theoretical diagrams are constructed using the method developed by Konenkov et al. [J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 13, 597 (2002)]. We propose a new representation of stability diagrams more adapted to the study of auxiliary excitations than the canonical one. Stability regions are represented as a function of the fundamental RF amplitude and of the relative intensity of the excitation. This representation facilitates the monitoring of the evolution of the mass-selectivity of first- and higher-order resonant excitations in the trap, for which an empirical law is derived. We also show that the relative phase shift between the excitation field and the main driving field has a strong influence on the shape of the diagrams.

Keywords

ion trap stability diagram resonant excitation

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

March

R.E.

, “Quadrupole ion traps”, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 28(6), 961 (2009). doi: 10.1002/mas.20250

Douglas

D.J.

Frank

A.J.

Mao

, “Linear quadrupoles in mass spectrometry”, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 28(6), 937 (2009). doi: 10.1002/mas.20249

Floquet

, “Sur les équations différentielles linéaires a coefficients périodiques”, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Supérieure 12, 47 (1883).

Sudakov

Apatskaya

, “Perturbation theory for ion motion in quadrupole radio frequency field”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 325, 58 (2012).doi: 10.1016/j.ijms.2012.07.019

Todd

J.F.J.

March

R.E.

, “Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edn. Wiley Interscience, New York, USA (2005).

Appelhans

A.D.

Dahl

D.A.

, “SIMION ion optics simulations at atmospheric pressure”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 244, 1 (2005). doi: 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.03.010

Albrieux

Antoine

Chirot

, “Ion trajectory simulations in a high-pressure cylindrical ion trap”, Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 16, 557 (2010). doi: 10.1255/ejms.1098

Major

Dehmelt

, “Exchange-collision technique for the RF spectroscopy of stored ions”, Phys. Rev. 170, 91 (1968). doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.170.91

Arnold

N.S.

Hars

Meuzelaar

H.L.C.

, “Extended theoretical considerations for mass resolution in the resonance ejection mode of quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry”, J. Am Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 5, 676 (1994). doi: 10.1016/1044-0305(94)85008-9

10.

Goeringer

Whitten

Ramsey

McLuckey

Glish

, “Theory of high-resolution mass-spectrometry achieved via resonance ejection in the quadrupole ion trap”, Anal. Chem. 64, 1434 (1992). doi: 10.1021/ac00037a023

11.

Pipes

L.A.

, “Matrix solution of equations of the Mathieu–Hill type”, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 902 (1953). doi: 10.1063/1.1721400

12.

Konenkov

N.V.

Sudakov

Douglas

D.J.

, “Matrix methods for the calculation of stability diagrams in quadrupole mass spectrometry”, J. Am Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 13(6), 597 (2002). doi: 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00365-3

13.

Zhao

Xiao

Douglas

D.J.

, “Mass analysis with islands of stability with linear quadrupoles incorporating higher order multipole fields”, J. Am Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 21(3), 393 (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.11.002

14.

Collings

B.A.

Sudakov

Londry

F.A.

, “Resonance shifts in the excitation of the n = 0, K = 1 to 6 quadrupolar resonances for ions confined in a linear ion trap”, J. Am Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 13(5), 577 (2002). doi: 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00361-6

15.

Sudakov

Konenkov

Douglas

D.J.

Glebova

, “Excitation frequencies of ions confined in a quadrupole field with quadrupole excitation”, J. Am Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 11(1), 10 (2000). doi: 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00111-7

16.

Paul

Raether

, “Das elektrische Massenfilter”, Z. Phys. Hadrons Nucl. 140, 262 (1955). doi: 10.1007/BF01328923

17.

Wuerker

R.F.

Shelton

Langmuir

R.V.

, “Electrodynamic containment of charged particles”, J. Appl. Phys. 30, 342 (1959). doi: 10.1063/1.1735165

18.

Baril

, “Etude des propriétés fondamentales de l'équation de Hill pour le dessin de filtre quadrupolaire”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 35, 179 (1980). doi: 10.1016/0020-7381(80)85039-X

19.

March

R.E.

McMahon

A.W.

Londry

F.A.

Alfred

R.L.

Todd

J.F.J.

Vedel

, “Resonance excitation of ions stored in a quadrupole ion trap. Part 1. A simulation study”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 95, 119 (1989). doi: 10.1016/0168-1176(89)83037-X

20.

Konenkov

Cousins

Baranov

Sudakov

, “Quadrupole mass filter operation with auxiliary quadrupolar excitation: Theory and experiment”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 208, 17 (2001). doi: 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00375-X

21.

Lemoine

Salvador

Charrier

J.-P.

Fortin

Dugourd

, “Method for detecting molecules through mass spectrometry”, Patent No. Wo (2011)/0363 78.