Near Infrared Spectroscopy Detection of Copper in Pig Manure and the Spectral Basis of the Analysis

Abstract

Conventional methods based on wet chemical analysis for investigating heavy metals in animal manure are relatively expensive and time-consuming. This study investigated the use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to detect copper (Cu) in animal manure and then identified the spectral basis of the calibration. A total of 118 pig manure samples were collected from four provinces in China. Spectra were acquired in the range of 10,000 to 4000 cm⁻¹ using a Fourier-transform near infrared spectrometry system. Results showed that the prediction of Cu concentration in pig manure by NIR spectroscopy is feasible (r² = 0.84, root mean square error of prediction= 198 mg kg⁻¹, ratio of standard error to standard deviation = 2.4). Cu in pig manure can be detected by NIR spectroscopy because a high percentage of the Cu is complexed with CONH₂ or CONHR functional groups of organic ligands such as protein, urea, amino acids and other amide compounds.

Keywords

near infrared spectroscopy pig manure copper genetic algorithm binding form

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