An acoustic boundary element model of a modern twin-screw cruise liner is used to show how fluctuating pressures above the propeller, and hull forces that cause ship vibration, change relative to each other with the nature of propeller sources. The low frequency effects of fluctuating loads on the propeller in different directions are compared with the effects of unsteady cavitation. The implications of the results for specification of ship requirements and estimation of ship vibration are discussed.
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