The Mechanics of E.P.: The Dispersion of a Jet Discharging into a Wavy Stream

Abstract

The present experimental results provide basic information in the mechanics of environmental pollution in a wave environment. They may contribute to the development of waste control, particularly in oil-related industries, power plants and desalination units. Man-induced waves could be one appropriate solution for reducing the concentration (temperature) of the discharaged waste from these industries. The turbulence characteristics of an experimental study is described in which the discharge of a water jet in a wavy channel crossflow is compared to an identical discharge in a uniform crossflow. The comparison highlights the additional wave-induced mixing and shows that the wave has a significant effect on the turbulent fluctuating velocity field. Four different values of Jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio are examined in the present study. Raw data is obtained using LDA system, and reported results include contour plots and transverse profiles of the mean velocity, fluctuation intensity, skewness factor and flatness factor. Power spectral of the velocity fluctuation is also reported.

References

Abdel-Rahman

A. A.

and Eleshaky

M. A.

, (2003). “An Experimental Investigation of a Jet Flow into a Wavy Crossflow”, Paper No. FEDSM2003–45704, 4th ASME_JSME Joint Fluid Engineering Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, 6–11 July.

Andreopoulos

and Rodi

, (1984). “Experimental Investigation of Jets in Crossflow”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 138, pp. 93–127.

Andreopoulos

, (1985). “On the Structure of Jets in a Crossflow”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 157, pp. 163–197.

Chassing

George

Claria

, and Sananes

, (1974). “Physical Characteristics of Subsonic Jets in a Cross-Stream”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 62, pp. 41–64.

Chin

D. A.

, (1987). “Influence of Surface Waves on Outfall Dilution”, ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 113, pp. 1006–1017.

Chyan

J. M.

Hwung

H. H.

and Chang

Y. H.

, (1991). “Wave Effects on the Mean Flow Characteristics of Turbulent Round Jets”, Environmental Hydraulics, Lee and Cheung , ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, Vol. 1, pp. 109–114.

Findlay

M. J.

Salcudenn

, and Dartshare

I. S.

, (1999). “Jets in a Crossflow: Effects of Geometry and Blowing Ratio”, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 121, pp. 373–378.

Gogineni

Goss

and Roquemore

, (1998). “Manipulation of a Jet in a Cross Flow”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 209–219.

Hwang

R. R.

Yang

W. C.

and Chiang

T. P.

, (1996). “Effect of Ambient Stratification on Buoyant Jets in Cross Flow”, Intentional Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 22, No. 1001, pp. 125–142.

10.

Kamatoni

and Greber

, (1972). “Experiments on a Turbulent Jet in a Cross Flow”, AIAAJ, Vol. 10, pp. 1425–1429.

11.

Keffer

J. F.

and Baines

W. D.

, (1963). “The Round Turbulent Jet in a Cross-wind”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 15, pp. 481–496.

12.

Margason

R. J.

, (1993). “Fifty Years of Jet in Cross Flow Research”, AGARD-CP534, pp. (1–1)–(1–41).

13.

Rajaratnam

, (1976). Turbulent Jets, Elsevier, New York.

14.

Raud

Bury

Bazile

Boree

and Chamay

, (1999). “Experimental Study of the Behavior of Confined Variable Density Jets in a Time Varying Crossflow”, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 121, pp. 65–72.

15.

Sharp

J.J.

, (1986). “The Effect of Waves on Buoyant Jets”, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 81, Part 2, pp. 471–475.

16.

Shuto

and Ti

L. H.

, (1974). “Wave Effects on Buoyant Plumes”. Proceedings, 14th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Copenhagen, pp. 2199–2209.

17.

Sivadas

Pani

B. S.

Butefisch

K. A.

and Meier

G. E. A.

, (1997). “Flow Visualization Studies on Growth of Area of Deflected Jets”, Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 23, No.2, pp. 105–112.

18.

Xia

L. P.

and Lam

K. M.

, (1997). “A Vertical Round Jet Issuing into an Unsteady Crossflow Consisting of a Mean Current and a Sinusoidal Fluctuating Component”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 67–68, pp. 843–857.