Fuzzy Modelling for Early Architectural Design

Abstract

Fuzzy modelling is simultaneously an extension of existing modelling approaches and a negation of one of their main aspects, the crispness of their definition. As a digital equivalent of analogue sketching it allows designers to register and manipulate imprecise and uncertain information. In the framework of design representations fuzzy modelling supports the development of conceptual design models characterized by flexible definition and interaction. The main advantages of such models are fluency, abstraction and continuity, at a level similar to that of analogue techniques. In addition to that they offer the possibility of local autonomy, i.e. segmentation of a representation into self-regulating and cooperating components. Three alternative forms of fuzzy modelling are proposed: (1) Canonical objects with tolerances, (2) objects described by minimal and maximal values, and (3) point sets comprising discrete, autonomous particles that describe the object by their spatial or structural relationships.

References

Evans

, The projective cast. Architecture and its three geometries, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1995.

E.Y.-L.

, Design sketches and sketch design tools, Knowledge-Based Systems, 2005, 18, 383–405.

Richens

, The Piranesi system for interactive rendering, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures, CAAD Futures, Atlanta, 1999.

Gross

M.D.

, Indexing visual databases of designs with diagrams. in: Koutamanis

Timmermans

and Vermeulen

, eds., Visual databases in architecture. Recent advances in design and decision making, Avebury, Aldershot, 1995.

E.Y.-L.

, Graphics Interpreter of Design Actions. The GIDA system of diagram sorting and analysis, in: de Vries

van Leeuwen

and Achten

, eds., Computer aided architectural design futures 2001, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2001.

E.Y.-L.

, Drawing marks, acts, and reacts: Toward a computational sketching interface for architectural design, AI EDAM, 2002, 16(3), 149–171.

Jatupoj

, Sketchboard: The simple 3D modeling from architectural sketch recognition. in: Bhatt

, ed., CAADRIA 2005. Proceedings of the 10th Conference on CAAD Research in Asia, CAADRIA, Seoul, 2005, 3–22.

Van Sommers

, Drawing and cognition: Descriptive and experimental studies of graphic production processes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984.

Cheng

N.Y.-W.

, Stroke sequence in digital sketching, Architecture in the Network Society – 22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings, eCAADe, Copenhagen, 2004.

10.

Koutamanis

, Sketching with digital pen and paper, in: Martens

and Brown

, eds., CAAD Futures 2005, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2005.

11.

Achten

De Vries

and Jessurun

, DDDOOLZ. A Virtual Reality Sketch Tool for Early Design, CAADRIA 2000 – Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA, Singapore, 2000, 451–460.

12.

De Vries

Jesserun

and Engeli

, Development of an intuitive 3D sketching tool, Design and decision support systems in architecture. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference., Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 2000.

13.

Donath

and Regenbrecht

, Using immersive Virtual Reality systems for spatial design in architecture. in: Verbeke

, ed., Proceedings of the 2nd AVOCAAD conference., Brussels, 1999.

14.

Segers

N.M.

Achten

H.H.

Timmermans

H.J.P.

, A comparison of computer-aided tools for architectural design, Design and decision support systems in architecture. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference., Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 2000.

15.

Marr

, Computer vision, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1982.

16.

Koutamanis

, Prolegomena to the recognition of floor plan sketches: A typology of architectural and graphic primitives in freehand representations. in: Achten

de Vries

and Hennessey

, eds., Design research in The Netherlands 2000, Faculteit Bouwkunde, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 2001.

17.

Horváth

Vergeest

J.S.M.

, and Rusák

, A Fuzzified geometric model to support conceptual design: Mathematical, methodological fundamentals, International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 99., ICED, Munich, 1999.

18.

Freeman

, On the encoding of arbitrary geometric configurations, IRE Transactions of Electronic Computers, 1961(June), 260–268.

19.

Lim

S.W.

Lee

B.S.

and Duffy

A.H.B.

, Incremental modelling of ambiguous geometric ideas (I-MAGI): Representation and maintenance of vague geometry, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 2001, 15(2), 93–1008.