Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD-ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.
Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The January 2007 monograph topics are telbivudine, budesonide/formoterol inhalation aerosol, ciclesonide nasal spray, eculizumab, ceftobiprole medocaril. The DUE is telbivudine.
GalgianiJ.N., LewisM.L.In vitro studies of activities of the antifungal triazoles SCH56592 and itraconazole against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and other pathogenic yeasts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1997; 41: 180–183.
3.
PfallerM.A., MesserS.A., BoykenL.. In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in the ARTEMIS global antifungal surveillance program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.2004; 48: 201–205.
4.
PerfectJ.R., CoxG.M., DodgeR.K., SchellW.A.In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the azole SCH56592 against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1996; 40: 1910–1913.
5.
OakleyK.L., MooreC.B., DenningD.W.In vitro activity of SCH-56592 and comparison with activities of amphotericin B and itraconazole against Aspergillus spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1997; 41: 1124–1126.
6.
LawD., MooreC.B., DenningD.W.Activity of SCH 56592 compared with those of fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1997; 41: 2310–2311.
7.
Ostrosky-ZeichnerL., RexJ.H., PappasP.G.. Antifungal susceptibility survey of 2,000 bloodstream Candida isolates in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2003; 47: 3149–3154.
8.
BarchiesiF., SchimizziA.M., CaselliF.. Activity of the new antifungal triazole, posaconazole, against Cryptococcus neoformans. J Antimicrob Chemother.2001; 48: 769–773.
9.
ManavathuE.K., CutrightJ.L., LoebenbergD., ChandrasekarP.H.A comparative study of the in vitro susceptibilities of clinical and laboratory-selected resistant isolates of Aspergillus spp. to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole (SCH 56592). J Antimicrob Chemother.2000; 46: 229–234.
10.
PfallerM.A., MesserS., JonesR.N.Activity of a new triazole, Sch 56592, compared with those of four other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1997; 41: 233–235.
11.
CacciapuotiA., LoebenbergD., CorcoranE.. In vitro and in vivo activities of SCH 56592 (posaconazole), a new triazole antifungal agent, against Aspergillus and Candida. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2000; 44: 2017–2022.
12.
GonzalezG.M., TijerinaR., NajvarL.K.. In vitro and in vivo activities of posaconazole against Coccidioides immitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2002; 46: 1352–1356.
13.
BarchiesiF., ArzeniD., CamilettiV.. In vitro activity of posaconazole against clinical isolates of dermatophytes. J Clin Microbiol.2001; 39: 4208–4209.
14.
GonzalezG.M., TijerinaR., NajvarL.K.. Activity of posaconazole against Pseudallescheria boydii: in vitro and in vivo assays. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2003; 47: 1436–1438.
15.
DiekemaD.J., MesserS.A., HollisR.J., JonesR.N., PfallerM.A.Activities of caspofungin, itraconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against 448 recent clinical isolates of filamentous fungi. J Clin Microbiol.2003; 41: 3623–3626.
16.
UchidaK., YokotaN., YamaguchiH.In vitro antifungal activity of posaconazole against various pathogenic fungi. Int J Antimicrob Agents.2001; 18: 167–172.
17.
Cuenca-EstrellaM., Gomez-LopezA., MelladoE., BuitragoM.J., MonzonA., Rodriguez-TudelaJ.L.Head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 Spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2006; 50: 917–921.
18.
PfallerM.A., MesserS.A., HollisR.J., JonesRN; SENTRY Participants Group. Antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 239 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2002; 46: 1032–1037.
19.
SunQ.N., FothergillA.W., McCarthyD.I., RinaldiM.G., GraybillJ.R.In vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and fluconazole against 37 clinical isolates of Zygomycetes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2002; 46: 1581–1582.
20.
PfallerM.A., MesserS.A., HollisR.J., JonesR.N.In vitro activities of posaconazole (Sch 56592) compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2001; 45: 2862–2864.
21.
Espinel-IngroffA.Comparison of In vitro activities of the new triazole SCH56592 and the echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts. J Clin Microbiol.1998; 36: 2950–2956.
22.
Carrillo-MunozA.J., QuindosG., RuesgaM.. Antifungal activity of posaconazole compared with fluconazole and amphotericin B against yeasts from oropharyngeal candidiasis and other infections. J Antimicrob Chemother.2005; 55: 317–319.
23.
PfallerM.A., DiekemaD.J., MesserS.A.. In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and four licensed systemic antifungal agents against Candida species infrequently isolated from blood. J Clin Microbiol.2003; 41: 78–83.
24.
BarchiesiF., ArzeniD., FothergillA.W.. In vitro activities of the new antifungal triazole SCH 56592 against common and emerging yeast pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2000; 44: 226–229.
25.
ManavathuE.K., AbrahamO.C., ChandrasekarP.H.Isolation and in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and posaconazole of voriconazole-resistant laboratory isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. Clin Microbiol Infect.2001; 7: 130–137.
26.
ManavathuE.K., AlangadenG.J., ChandrasekarP.H.Differential activity of triazoles in two-drug combinations with the echinocandin caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Antimicrob Chemother.2003; 51: 1423–1425.
27.
SabatelliF., MendrickC., HalpernJ.. In vitro and in vivo interaction of posaconazole (POS) and caspofungin (CSP) against Aspergillus [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-990. Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/12/3750. Accessed September 26, 2006.
28.
CacciapuotiA., GurnaniM., HalpernJ., NorrisC., PatelR., LoebenbergD.Interaction between posaconazole and amphotericin B in concomitant treatment against Candida albicans in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2005; 49: 638–642.
29.
OliveiraE.R., FothergillA.W., KirkpatrickW.R., CocoB.J., PattersonT.F., ReddingS.W.In vitro interaction of posaconazole and caspofungin against clinical isolates of Candida glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2005; 49: 3544–3545.
30.
BarchiesiF., SchimizziA.M., NajvarL.K.. Interactions of posaconazole and flucytosine against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2001; 45: 1355–1359.
31.
BarchiesiF., SpreghiniE., SchimizziA.M.. Posaconazole and amphotericin B combination therapy against Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2004; 48: 3312–3316.
32.
OakleyK.L., MorrisseyG., DenningD.W.Efficacy of SCH-56592 in a temporarily neutropenic murine model of invasive aspergillosis with an itraconazole-susceptible and itraconazole-resistant isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1997; 41: 1504–1507.
33.
ConnollyP., WheatJ., Schnizlein-BickC.. Comparison of a new triazole antifungal agent, Schering 56592, with itraconazole and amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1999; 43: 322–328.
34.
ConnollyP., WheatL.J., Schnizlein-BickC.. Comparison of a new triazole, posaconazole, with itraconazole and amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in immunocompromised mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2000; 44: 2604–2608.
35.
AndesD., MarchilloK., ConklinR.. Pharmacodynamics of a new triazole, posaconazole, in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2004; 48: 137–142.
36.
SunQ.N., NajvarL.K., BocanegraR., LoebenbergD., GraybillJ.R.In vivo activity of posaconazole against Mucor spp. in an immunosuppressed-mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2002; 46: 2310–2312.
37.
DannaouiE., MeisJ.F., LoebenbergD., VerweijP.E.Activity of posaconazole in treatment of experimental disseminated zygomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2003; 47: 3647–3650.
38.
MolinaJ., Martins-FilhoO., BrenerZ., RomanhaA.J., LoebenbergD., UrbinaJ.A.Activities of the triazole derivative SCH 56592 (posaconazole) against drug-resistant strains of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed murine hosts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2000; 44: 150–155.
39.
SugarA.M., LiuX.P.In vitro and in vivo activities of SCH 56592 against Blastomyces dermatitidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1996; 40: 1314–1316.
40.
ImaiJ.K., SinghG., ClemonsK.V., StevensD.A.Efficacy of posaconazole in a murine model of CNS aspergillosis [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-358. Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/48/10/4063. Accessed September 26, 2006.
41.
SimitsopoulouM., Gil-LamaignereC., AvarmidisN.. Activity of posaconazole (POS) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a murine model of invasive infection due to Scedosporium prolificans [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-364. Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/48/10/3801. Accessed September 26, 2006.
42.
PetraitieneR., PetraitisV., GrollA.H.. Antifungal activity and pharmacokinetics of posaconazole (SCH 56592) in treatment and prevention of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: correlation with galactomannan antigenemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2001; 45: 857–869.
43.
CourtneyR., PaiS., LaughlinM., LimJ., BatraV.Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral posaconazole administered in single and multiple doses in healthy adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2003; 47: 2788–2795.
44.
CourtneyR., RadwanskiE., LimJ., LaughlinM.Pharmacokinetics of posaconazole coadministered with antacid in fasting or nonfasting healthy men. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2004; 48: 804–808.
45.
KrieterP., FlanneryB., MusickT., GohdesM., MartinhoM., CourtneyR.Disposition of posaconazole following single-dose oral administration in healthy subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2004; 48: 3543–3551.
46.
CourtneyR., WexlerD., RadwanskiE., LimJ., LaughlinM.Effect of food on the relative bioavailability of two oral formulations of posaconazole in healthy adults. Br J Clin Pharmacol.2004; 57: 218–222.
47.
EzzetF., WexlerD., CourtneyR.. Comparative bioavailability of oral posaconazole (POS) in different dosage regimens: a population pharmacokinetic analysis [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-1565.
48.
UllmannA.J., CornelyO.A., BurchardtA.. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of posaconazole in patients with persistent febrile neutropenia or refractory invasive fungal infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2006; 50: 658–666.
49.
EzzetF., WexlerD., CourtneyR., KrishnaG., LimJ., LaughlinM.Oral bioavailability of posaconazole in fasted healthy subjects: comparison between three regimens and basis for clinical dosage recommendations. Clin Pharmacokinet.2005; 44: 211–220.
50.
CourtneyR., SansoneA., CalzettaA., MartinhoM., LaughlinM.The effect of a nutritional supplement (Boost Plus) on the oral bioavailability of posaconazole [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-1604.
51.
Sansone-ParsonsA., KrishnaG., CalzettaA.. Effect of a nutritional supplement on posaconazole pharmacokinetics following oral administration to healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2006; 50: 1881–1883.
52.
CourtneyR., WexlerD., StatkevichP., LimJ., BatraV., LaughlinM.Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in healthy volunteers [abstract]. 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 27–30, 2002; San Diego, CA. Abstract A-1838.
53.
GhosalA., HapangamaN., YuanY.. Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme(s) responsible for the glucuronidation of posaconazole (Noxafil). Drug Metab Dispos.2004; 32: 267–271.
54.
KrieterP., FlanneryB., MusickT., CourtneyR., PatrickJ., LaughlinM.Pharmacokinetics and excretion of 14C-posaconazole following oral administration in healthy male subjects [abstract]. 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 27–30, 2002; San Diego, CA. Abstract A-1394.
55.
CornelyO.A., MaertensJ., WinstonD.. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral posaconazole (POS) in neutropenic patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [abstract]. 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 27–30, 2006; San Francisco, CA. Abstract A-1096.
56.
CourtneyR., SansoneA., StatkevichP., MartinboM., RichardsW., LaughlinM.Pharmacokinetics (PK) of posaconazole in subjects with varying degrees of renal insufficiency [abstract]. Clin Pharmacol Ther.2003; 73: P45.
57.
CourtneyR., SansoneA., SmithW.. Posaconazole pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability in subjects with varying degrees of chronic renal disease. J Clin Pharmacol.2005; 45: 185–192.
58.
CourtneyR., SansoneA., StatkevichP., MartinhoM., ZhangM., LaughlinM.Effect of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in healthy volunteers [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-1563.
59.
CourtneyR., SansoneA., KantesariaB., SoniP., LaughlinM.Effect of ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in healthy volunteers [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-1564.
60.
UllmanA.J., LiptonJ.H., VesoleD.H.. Posaconazole (POS) vs fluconazole (FLU) for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): results of a multicenter trial [abstract]. 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 16–19, 2005; Washington, DC. Abstract M-716-2005.
61.
CornelyO.A., MaertensJ., WinstonD.J.. Posaconazole (POS) vs standard azoles as antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): impact on mortality [abstract]. 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 16–19, 2005; Washington, DC. Abstract M-722b-2005.
62.
RaadI.I., ChapmanS., BradsherR.. Posaconazole (POS) salvage therapy for invasive fungal infections (IFI) [abstract]. 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 30 – November 2, 2004; Washington, DC. Abstract M-669-2004.
63.
UllmannA.J., CornelyO.A., BurchardtA.. Safety and efficacy of posaconazole (POS) in a pharmacokinetic study in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) or refractory invasive fungal infections (rIFI) [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-1257.
64.
GreenbergR.N., MullaneK., van BurikJ.A.. Posaconazole as salvage therapy for zygomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2006; 50: 126–133.
65.
van BurikJ.A.H., HareR.S., SolomonH.F., CorradoM.L., KontoyiannisD.P.Posaconazole is effective as salvage therapy in zygomycosis: a retrospective summary of 91 cases. Clin Infect Dis.2006; 42: e61–e65.
66.
PaulS., MartyF.M., ColsonY.L.Treatment of cavitary pulmonary zygomycosis with surgical resection and posaconazole. Ann Thorac Surg.2006; 82: 338–340.
67.
GilmanA.L., SerranoA., SkelleyJ., ZwickD.Successful treatment of pulmonary zygomycosis with posaconazole in a recipient of a haploidentical donor stem cell transplant. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2005; 47: 959–963.
68.
BrugiereO., DauriatG., MalH.. Pulmonary mucormycosis (zygomycosis) in a lung transplant recipient: recovery after posaconazole therapy. Transplantation.2005; 80: 1361–1362.
69.
RutarT., CockerhamK.P.Periorbital zygomycosis (mucormycosis) treated with posaconazole. Am J Ophthalmol.2006; 142: 187–188.
De DeckerK., Van PouckeS., WojciechowskiM.. Successful use of posaconazole in a pediatric case of fungal necrotizing fasciitis. Pediatr Crit Care Med.2006; 7: 482–485.
72.
RaadI.I., HachemR.Y., HerbrechtR.. Posaconazole as salvage treatment for invasive fusariosis in patients with underlying hematologic malignancy and other conditions. Clin Infect Dis.2006; 42: 1398–1403.
73.
WalshT., PattersonT., LangstonA.. Posaconazole for treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional therapy: an externally controlled blinded trial [abstract]. American Society of Hematology 45th Annual Meeting; December 6–9, 2003; San Diego, CA. Abstract 682.
74.
RaadI.I., HannaH., BoktourM.. Posaconazole (POS) compared to high dose lipid formulations of amphotericin B (HD-LPAMB) as salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients (pts) with hematologic malignancy (HM) [abstract]. 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 27–30, 2006; San Francisco, CA. Abstract M-874.
75.
PitisuttithumP., NegroniR., GraybillJ.R.. Activity of posaconazole in the treatment of central nervous system fungal infections. J Antimicrob Chemother.2005; 56: 745–755.
76.
RestrepoA., TobonA., ClarkB.. Salvage treatment of histoplasmosis with posaconazole. J Infect. July 7, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.05.006.
77.
ClarkB., FosterR., TunbridgeA., GreenS.A case of disseminated histoplasmosis successfully treated with the investigational drug posaconazole. J Infect.2005; 51: e177–e180.
SegalB.H., BarnhartA.L., AndersonW.L., WalshR.J., MalechH.L., HollandS.M.Posaconazole as salvage therapy in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and invasive filamentous fungal infection. Clin Infect Dis.2005; 40: 1684–1688.
80.
NegroniR., TobonA., BustamanteB., Shianai-YasudaM.A., PatinoH., RestrepoA.Posaconazole treatment of refractory eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo.2005; 47: 339–346.
81.
VazquezJ.A., SkiestD.J., NietoL.. A multicenter randomized trial evaluating posaconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in subjects with HIV/AIDS. Clin Infect Dis.2006; 42: 1179–1186.
82.
SkiestD.J., VazquezJ.A., GraybillJ.R.. Open-label trial of posaconazole (POS) for azole-refractory oropharyngeal (OP) and esophageal (ES) candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients: final analysis [abstract]. 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 30 – November 2, 2004; Washington, DC. Abstract M-1027-2004
83.
LodgeB.A., AshleyE.D., SteeleM.P., PerfectJ.R.Aspergillus fumigatus empyema, arthritis, and calcaneal osteomyelitis in a lung transplant patients successfully treated with posaconazole. J Clin Microbiol.2004; 42: 1376–1378.
84.
TobonA.M., ArangoM., FernandezD., RestrepoA.Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) in a heart-kidney transplant recipient: recovery after posaconazole therapy. Clin Infect Dis.2003; 36: 1488–1491.
85.
MellinghoffI.K., WinstonD.J., MukwayaG., SchillerG.J.Treatment of Scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses with posaconazole. Clin Infect Dis.2002; 34: 1648–1650.
86.
HerbrechtR., Letscher-BruV., FohrerC.. Acremonium strictum pulmonary infection in a leukemic patient successfully treated with posaconazole after failure of amphotericin B. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2002; 21: 814–817.
87.
SponselW.E., GraybillJ.R., NevarezH.L., DangD.Ocular and systemic posaconazole (SCH-56592) treatment of invasive Fusarium solani keratitis and endophthalmitis. Br J Ophthalmol.2002; 86: 829–830.
88.
NegroniR., HelouS.H., PetriN., RoblesA.M., ArechavalaA., BianchiM.H.Case study: posaconazole treatment of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala spinifera. Clin Infect Dis.2004; 38: e15–e20.
89.
SansoneA., CourtneyR., MellarsL.. Posaconazole has not clinically significant effect on the QTc interval in healthy volunteers [abstract]. 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 30 – November 2, 2004; Washington, DC. Abstract A-1100-2004.
90.
RaadI.I., GraybillJ.R., BustamanteA.B.. Safety of long-term oral posaconazole use in the treatment of refractory invasive fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis.2006; 42: 1726–1734.
91.
WexlerD., CourtneyR., RichardsW., BanfieldC., LimJ., LaughlinM.Effect of posaconazole on cytochrome P450 enzymes: a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. Eur J Pharm Sci.2004; 21: 645–653.
92.
SansoneA., BelleD., StatkevichP.. Effect of posaconazole on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in healthy volunteers [abstract]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 14–17, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract M-1603.
93.
CourtneyR., SansoneA., StatkevichP., MartinhoM., LaughlinM.Assessment of the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) interaction potential between posaconazole and glipizide in healthy volunteers [abstract]. Clin Pharmacol Ther.2003; 73: P45.
