Abstract
Background:
The Food and Drug Administration–approved argatroban dose for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is 2 μg/kg/min (0.5 μg/kg/min in hepatic impairment), adjusted to achieve activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 1.5–3 times baseline. Recent data suggest that reduced doses are required after cardiovascular surgery.
Objective:
To characterize dosing requirements, aPTTs, factors affecting dosage, and clinical outcomes in patients administered argatroban after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Methods:
Charts of 39 patients who underwent CABG surgery and were administered argatroban postoperatively for laboratory-confirmed HIT (n = 25), antibody-negative suspected HIT (n = 10), or previous HIT requiring anticoagulation (n = 4) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, argatroban dosing information, aPTTs (target range 45–90 sec), and outcomes were summarized. Regression analyses explored potential effectors of dosage.
Results:
Patient features, argatroban dosing patterns, and aPTTs were similar among groups. Many patients had laboratory evidence of some hepatic and/or renal dysfunction (median [range] bilirubin 1.0 [0.3–8.0] mg/dL, creatinine clearance 47 [18–287] mL/min). Overall, median argatroban doses were 0.5 μg/kg/min initially and 0.6 μg/kg/min during therapy (median duration 5.3 days). After argatroban initiation, aPTTs were greater than 90 seconds at first assessment in 4 patients (3 with abnormal hepatic function test results) initially administered 0.5, 1, 2, and 2 μg/kg/min, respectively. Within approximately 16 hours of therapy, 33 (85%) patients achieved consecutive therapeutic aPTTs. No association was detected between mean dose during therapy and preoperative ejection fraction, routine hepatic or renal function test results (other than blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), or surgery type. A clinically insignificant association existed between dose and BUN: there was an approximately 0.15 μg/kg/min dose decrease for each 10 mg/dL BUN increase. One patient developed thrombosis, 1 underwent finger amputation, 7 died (5 after argatroban cessation), and 4 had significant bleeding.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that reduced initial argatroban doses (eg, 0.5 μg/kg/min), adjusted to achieve therapeutic aPTTs, provide rapid, adequate anticoagulation in postoperative CABG patients with presumed or previous HIT. Prospective study of reduced initial dosing in this setting is warranted.
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