The X-ray absorption fine structure method was applied for the quantitative analysis of hexavalent Cr in electronic products. The pre-edge peak intensity of the Cr K-edge increased according to the hexavalent Cr amount, and the hexavalent Cr ratio was calculated quantitatively by using the intensity. By combining with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy measurement results that gave the total Cr amount, the absolute amount of hexavalent Cr in chromate conversion coating and plastic samples could be evaluated. The results obtained by this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the chemical analysis method. This method can be successfully applied for the determination of hexavalent Cr amount in electronic products such as chromate conversion coating and plastic.
Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the Restrictions of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Off. J. Eur. Communities: Legis.2003. 37: 19–23.
2.
AshleyK.ApplegateG.T.MarcyA.D.DrakeP.L.PierceP.A.CarabinN.DemangeM.. “Evaluation of Sequential Extraction Procedures for Soluble and Insoluble Hexavalent Chromium Compounds in Workplace Air Samples”. J. Environ. Monit.2009. 11(2): 318–325.
3.
ProsekT.ThierryD.. “A Model for the Release of Chromate from Organic Coatings”. Prog. Org. Coat.2004. 49(3): 209–217.
4.
IEC 62321. “Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Six Substances (Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Hexalvalent Chromium, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers)”. In: Electrotechnical Products. Geneva, Switzerland: International. Electrotechnical Commission, 2008. Edition 1.0.
5.
NomuraK.AwajiN.. “Nondestructive Measurement of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromate Conversion Coatings Using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure”. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.2006. 45(10): L304–L306.
6.
IijimaY.OkabeK.OhamaT.TakahashiH.. “Trace Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromium Compound by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy”. Adv. X-Ray Chem. Anal. Jpn.2008. 39: 137–142.
7.
TochioT.SakakuraS.OohashiH.MizotaH.ZouY.ItoY.FukushimaS.TanumaS.ShojiT.FujimuraH.YamashitaM.. “X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Cr6+ Component in Mixtures of Cr2O3 and K2CrO4”. Anal. Sci.2010. 26(2): 277–279.
8.
TakaokaM.YamamotoT.FujiwaraS.OshitaK.TakedaN.TanakaT.UrugaT.. “Chemical State of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge Incineration Ash by Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure”. Water Sci. Technol.2008. 57(3): 411–417.
9.
BajtS.ClarkS.B.SuttonS.RiversM.L.SmithJ.V.. “Synchrotron X-ray Microprobe Determination of Chromate Content Using X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure”. Anal. Chem.1993. 65(13): 1800–1804.
10.
ShinodaK.HatakedaH.MaruokaN.ShibataH.KitamuraS.SuzukiS.. “Chemical State of Chromium in CaO-SiO2 Base Oxides Annealed under Different Conditions”. ISIJ Int.2008. 48(10): 1404–1408.
11.
KurisakiT.MatsuoS.TothI.WakitaH.. “Recent Development of the XANES Spectral Analysis Methods for the Structure Characterization of Metal Complexes in Solution”. Anal. Sci.2008. 24(11): 1385–1392.
12.
PetersonM.BrownG.ParksG.SteinC.. “Differential Redox and Sorption of Cr(III/VI) on Natural Silicate and Oxide Minerals: EXAFS and XANES Results”. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.1997. 61(16): 3399–3412.
13.
SzulczewskiM.HelmkeP.BleamW.. “Comparison of XANES Analyses and Extractions to Determine Chromium Speciation in Contaminated Soils”. Environ. Sci. Technol.1997. 31(10): 2954–2959.
14.
MalherbeJ.IsaureM.SebyF.WatsonR.GonzalezP.StutzmanP.DavisC.MaurizioC.UncetaN.SieberJ.LongS.DonardO.. “Evaluation of Hexavalent Chromium Extraction Method EPA Method 3060A for Soils Using XANES Spectroscopy”. Environ. Sci. Technol.2011. 45(24): 10492–10500.
15.
NomuraM.. “Dead-Time Correction of a Multi-Element SSD for Fluorescent XAFS”. J. Synchrotron Radiat.1998. 5(3): 851–853.
IidaA.NomaT.. “Correction of the Self-Absorption Effect in Fluorescence X-ray Absorption Fine Structure”. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1993. 32(6A): 2899–2902.
18.
VictoreenJ.A.. “The Absorption of Incident Quanta by Atoms as Defined by the Mass Photoelectric Absorption Coefficient and the Mass Scattering Coefficient”. J. Appl. Phys.1948. 19(9): 855–860.
19.
YamamotoT.. “Assignment of Pre-Edge Peaks in K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectra of 3d Transition Metal Compounds: Electric Dipole or Quadrupole?”. X-ray Spectrom.2008. 37(6): 572–584.
20.
HenkeB.L.GulliksonE.M.DavisJ.C.. “X-ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E=50-30,000 eV, Z=1-92”. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables.1993. 54(2): 181–342.
