Analysis of Dental Arch Relationships in Swedish Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects: 20-Year Longitudinal Consecutive Series Treated with Delayed Hard Palate Closure

Bardach J. , Morris H.L. , Olin W.H. . Late results of primary veloplasty: the Marburg project. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1984; 73: 207–215.

Bishara S.E. , de Arrendondo R.S.M. , Vales H.P. , Jakobsen J.R. . Dentofacial relationships in persons with unoperated clefts: comparisons between three cleft types. Am J Orthod. 1985; 87: 481–507.

Bishara S.E. , Krause J.C. , Olin W.H. , Weston D. , van Ness J. , Felling C. . Facial and dental relationships of individuals with unoperated clefts of the lip and/or palate. Cleft Palate J. 1976; 13: 238–252.

Bishara S.E. , Sierk D.L. , Huang K.S. . A longitudinal cephalometric study on unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects. Cleft Palate J. 1979; 16: 59–71.

Capelozza Filho L. , Normando A.D. , da Silva Filho O.G. . Isolated influences of lip and palate surgery on facial growth: comparison of operated and unoperated male adults with UCLP. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1996; 33: 51–56.

Chan K.T. , Hayes C. , Shusterman S. , Mulliken J.B. , Will L.A. . The effects of active infant orthopedics on occlusal relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2003; 40: 511–517.

Cosman B. , Falk A.S. . Delayed Hard palate repair and speech deficiencies: a cautionary report. Cleft Palate J. 1980; 17: 27–33.

Enemark H. , Bolund S. , Jorgensen I. . Evaluation of unilateral cleft lip and palate treatment: long term results. Cleft Palate J. 1990; 27: 354–361.

Fara M. , Brousilova M. . Experiences with early closure of velum and late closure of the hard palate. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969; 44: 134–141.

Friede H. , Enemark H. . Long term evidence for favorable midfacial growth after delayed hard palate repair in UCLP patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2001; 38: 323–329.

Friede H. , Enemark H. , Semb G. , Paulin G. , Abyholm F. , Bolund S. , Lilja J. , Ostrup L. . Craniofacial and occlusal characteristics in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients from four Scandinavian centers. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1991; 25: 269–276.

Friede H. , Johanson B. . A follow-up study of cleft children treated with vomer flap as part of a three-stage soft tissue surgical procedure. Facial morphology and dental occlusion. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977; 11: 45–57.

Friede H. , Lilja J. . Dentofacial morphology in adolescent or early adult patients with cleft lip and palate after a treatment regimen that included vomer flap surgery and pushback palatal repair. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1994; 28: 113–21.

Friede H. , Lilja J. , Johanson B. . Cleft lip and palate treatment with delayed closure of the hard palate. A preliminary report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980; 14: 49–53.

Freide H. , Moller M. , Lilja J. , Lauritzen C. , Johanson B. . Facial morphology and occlusion at the stage of early mixed dentition in cleft lip and palate patients treated with delayed closure of the hard palate. Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987; 21: 65–71.

Gnoinski W.M. , Haubensak R.R. . Facial patterns and long term growth in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. In: Lee S.T. , ed. Transactions of the Eighth International Congress on Cleft Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies. Singapore: Stamford Press; 1997: 764–768.

Hathorn I. , Roberts-Harry D. , Mars M. . The GOSLON Yardstick applied to a consecutive series of patients with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1996; 33: 494–496.

Hellquist R. , Ponten B. . The influence of infant periosteoplasty on facial growth and dental occlusion from five to eight years of age in cases of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1979; 13: 305–312.

Hellquist R. , Svardstrom K. , Ponten B. . A longitudinal study of delayed periostoplasty to the cleft alveolus. Cleft Palate J. 1983; 20: 277–88.

Hotz M.M. , Gnoinski W.M. . Comprehensive care of cleft lip and palate children in Zurich University: a preliminary report. Am J Orthod. 1976; 70: 481–504.

Hotz M.M. , Gnoinski W.M. . Effects of early maxillary orthopedics in coordination with delayed surgery for cleft lip and palate. J Maxillofac Surg. 1979; 7: 201–210.

Hotz M.M. , Gnoinski W.M. , Nussbaumer H. , Kistler E. . Early orthopedics in CLP cases: guidelines for surgery. Cleft Palate J. 1978; 15: 405–411.

Hotz M. , Gnoinski W. , Perko M. , Nussbaumer H. , Hof E. , Haubensar R. . The Zurich approach, 1964 to 1984. In: Hotz M. , Gnoinski W. , Perko M. , Nussbaumer H. , Hof E. , Haubensak R. , eds. Early Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate. Toronto: Hans Huber, 1986: 42–48.

Huddart A.G. . A comparative study of treatment and occlusion in unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1972; 167–172.

Huddart A.G. , Bodenham R.S. . The evaluation of arch form and occlusion in unilateral cleft palate subjects. Cleft Palate J. 1972; 9: 194–209.

Jackson I.T. , McLennan G. , Scheker L.R. . Primary veloplasty or primary palatoplasty: some preliminary findings. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983; 72: 153–157.

Johanson B. , Lilja J. , Friede H. . The evolution of the therapeutic approach to cleft lip and palate in Gothenburg. In: Hotz M. , Gnoinski W. , Perko M. , Nussbaumer H. , Hof E. , Haubensak R. , eds. Early Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate. Toronto: Hans Huber, 1986: 85–89.

Johnson N. , Williams A.C. , Singer S. , Southall P. , Atack N. , Sandy J.R. . Dentoalveolar relations in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in Western Australia. Cleft Palate Craniofacial J. 2000a; 37: 12–16.

Landis J.R. , Koch G.G. . The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977; 33: 159–174.

Larson O. , Ideberg M. , Nordin K.E. . Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following maxillofacial orthopedics. III. A study of dental occlusion. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983; 17: 81–92.

Lehner B. , Wiltfang J. , Strobel-Schwarthoff K. , Benz M. , Hirschfelder U. , Neukam F.W. . Influence of early hard palate closure on unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate on maxillary transverse growth during the first four years of age. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2003; 40: 126–130.

Lilja J. , Friede H. , Johanson B. . Changing philosophy of surgery of the cleft lip and palate in Göteborg, Sweden. In: Berkowitz S. , ed. Cleft Lip and Palate Perspectives in Management. Vol II. An Introduction to Craniofacial Anomalies. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group; 1996: 155–170.

Lohmander-Agerskov A. . Speech outcome after cleft palate surgery with the Goteborg regimen including delayed hard palate closure. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1998; 32: 63–80.

Lohmander-Agerskov A. , Friede H. , Lilja J. , Soderpalm E. . Delayed closure of the hard palate: a comparison of speech in children with open and functionally closed residual clefts. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1996; 30: 121–127.

Lohmander-Agerskov A. , Soderpalm E. . Evaluation of speech after completed late closure of the hard palate. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 1993; 45: 25–30.

Lohmander-Agerskov A. , Willadsen E. . A comparison of long term speech results following delayed hard palate closure concept and a conventional two-stage vomer flap/pushback procedure in UCLP patients. Presented at the Sixth European Craniofacial Congress; June 1999; Manchester, England, U.K.

Long R.E. , Semb G. , Shaw W.C. . Orthodontic treatment of the patient with complete clefts of lip, alveolus and palate: lessons of the past 60 years. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000; 37: 533.

Mars M. , Asher-McDade C. , Brattström V. , Dahl E. , McWilliam J. , Mølsted K. , Plint D.A. , Prahl-Andersen B. , Semb G. , Shaw W.C. The RPS. A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 3. Dental arch relationships. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 1992; 29: 405–408.

Mars M. , Houston W.J.B. . A preliminary study of facial growth and morphology in unoperated male unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects over 13 years of age. Cleft Palate J. 1990; 27: 7–10.

Mars M. , Plint D.A. . Correlation of the GOSLON yardstick rating and cephalometric analysis. Paper presented at Fifth International Congress on Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies; 1985; Monte Carlo.

Mars M. , Plint D.A. , Houston W.J.B. , Bergland O. , Semb G. . The GOSLON Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1987; 24: 314–322.

Melissaratou A. , Friede H. . Dental arches and occlusion in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients after two different routines for palatal surgery. J Orofac Orthop. 2002; 63: 300–314.

Mølsted K. , Asher-McDade C. , Brattström V. , Dahl E. , Mars M. , McWilliam J. , Plint D.A. , Prahl-Anderson B. , Semb G. , Shaw W.C. The RPS. A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 2. Craniofacial form and soft tissue profile. Cleft Palate Craniofacial J. 1992; 29: 398–404.

Morris D.O. , Roberts-Harry D. , Mars M. . Dental arch relationships in Yorkshire children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000; 37: 453–462.

Normando A.D.C. , da Silva Filho O.G. , Filho L.C. . Influence of surgery on maxillary growth in cleft lip and palate patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1992; 20: 111–118.

Noverraz A.E.M. , Kuijpers-Jagtman A.M. , Mars M. , Van't Hof M.A. . Timing of hard palate closure and dental arch relationship in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: a mixed longitudinal study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1993; 30: 391–396.

O'Brien K. . Is evidence based orthodontics a pipedream? J Orthod. 2001; 28: 313.

Owman-Moll P. , Kastaros C. , Friede H. . Development of the residual cleft in hard palate after velar repair in a 2-stage palatal repair regimen. J Orofac Orthop. 1998; 59: 286–300.

Peterson-Falzone S.J. . The relationship between the timing of cleft palate surgery and speech outcome: what have we learned, and where do we stand in the 1990s? Semin Orthod. 1996; 2: 185–191.

Pruzansky S. , Aduss H. . Arch form and the deciduous occlusion in complete unilateral clefts. Cleft Palate J. 1964; 4: 411–418.

Ramstad T. , Jendal T. . A long term study of transverse stability of maxillary teeth in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. J Oral Rehab. 1997; 24: 658–665.

Roberts C.T. , Richmond S. . The design and analysis of reliability studies for the use of epidemiological and audit indices in orthodontics. Br J Orthod. 1997; 24: 139–147.

Robertson N.R.E. . Two stage palatal surgery: effects of early versus delayed hard palate repair in a 11 year follow-up. In: Hotz M. , Gnoinski W. , Perko M. , Nussbaumer H. , Hof E. , Haubensak R. , eds. Early Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate. Toronto: Hans Huber, 1986: 149.

Robertson N.R.E. , Jolleys A. . The timing of hard palate repair. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974; 8: 49–51.

Rohrich R.J. , Byrd H.S. . Optimum timing of cleft palate closure. Speech, facial growth and hearing considerations. Clin Plast Surg. 1990; 17: 27–36.

Rohrich R.J. , Love E.J. , Byrd H.S. , Johns D.F. . Optimum timing of cleft palate closure. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000; 106: 413–421.

Rohrich R.J. , Rowsell A.R. , Johns D.F. , Drury M.A. , Grieg G. , Watson D.J. , Godfrey A.M. , Poole M.D. . Timing of hard palate closure: a critical long-term analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996; 98: 236–246.

Ross R.B. . The clinical implications of facial growth in cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1970; 7: 37–47.

Ross R.B. . Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 1: Treatment affecting growth. Cleft Palate J. 1987a; 24: 5–23.

Ross R.B. . Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 5: Timing of palate repair. Cleft Palate J. 1987b; 24: 54–63.

Schweckendiek W. . Primary veloplasty: long term results without maxillary deformity. A twenty-five year report. Cleft Palate J. 1978; 15: 268–274.

Semb G. . A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP team. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1991; 28: 1–21.

Shaw W.C. , Asher-McDade C. , Brattström V. , Dahl E. , McWilliam J. , Mølsted K. , Plint D.A. , Prahl-Anderson B. , Semb G. The RPS. A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 1. Principles and study design. Cleft Palate Craniofacial J. 1992a; 29: 393–397.

Shaw W.C. , Dahl E. , Asher-McDade C. , Brattström V. , Mars M. , McWilliam J. , Mølsted K. , Plint D.A. , Prahl-Anderson B. , Roberts C. The RPS. A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate. Part 5. General discussion and conclusions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992b; 29: 413–418.

Shaw W.C. , Semb G. , Nelson P. , Brattström V. , Mølsted K. , Prahl-Anderson B. , Gundlach K.K. . The Eurocleft project 1996–2000: overview. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2001; 29: 131–437.

Tulloch J.F. . Bias and variability in clinical research. Clin Orthod Res. 1998; 1: 94–96.

VanDemark D.R. , Gnoinski W. , Hotz M.M. , Perko M. , Nussbaumer H. . Speech results of the Zurich approach in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989; 83: 605–613.

Williams A.C. , Johnson N.C. , Singer S. , Southall P. , Mildinhall S. , Semb G. , Sell D. , Thomas S. , Sandy J.R. . Outcomes of cleft care in Western Australia: a pilot study. Aust Dent J. 2001; 46: 32–36.

Witzel M.A. , Salyer K.E. , Ross R.B. . Delayed hard palate closure: the philosophy revisited. Cleft Palate J. 1984; 21: 263–269.