To assess the association between nonsyndromic (NS) cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CRISPLD2 gene (cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2).
Design
Four SNPs within the CRISPLD2 gene domain (rs1546124, rs8061351, rs2326398, rs4783099) were genotyped to test for association via family-based association methods.
Participants
A total of 5826 individuals from 1331 families in which one or more family member is affected with CL(P).
Results
Evidence of association was seen for SNP rs1546124 in U.S. (p = .02) and Brazilian (p = .04) Caucasian cohorts. We also found association of SNP rs1546124 with cleft palate alone (CP) in South Americans (Guatemala and ECLAMC) and combined Hispanics (Guatemala, ECLAMC, and Texas Hispanics; p = .03 for both comparisons) and with both cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP; p = .04) and CL(P) (p = .02) in North Americans. Strong evidence of association was found for SNP rs2326398 with CP in Asian populations (p = .003) and with CL(P) in Hispanics (p = .03) and also with bilateral CL(P) in Brazilians (p = .004). In Brazilians, SNP rs8061351 showed association with cleft subgroups incomplete CL(P) (p = .004) and unilateral incomplete CL(P) (p = .003). Prediction of SNP functionality revealed that the C allele in the C471T silent mutation (overrepresented in cases with CL(P) presents two putative exonic splicing enhancer motifs and creates a binding site AP-2 alpha, a transcription factor involved in craniofacial development.
Conclusions
Our results support the hypothesis that variants in the CRISPLD2 gene may be involved in the etiology of NS CL(P).
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