Expression of Thrombomodulin,Calretinin,Cytokeratin 5/6,D2–40 and WT-1 in a Series of Primary Carcinomas of the Lung: An Immunohistochemical Study in Comparison with Epithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma

Husain A.N. , Colby T.V. , Ordoñez N.G. , Krausz T. , Borczuk A. , Cagle P.T. , Chirieac L.R. , Churg A. , Galateau-Salle F. , Gibbs A.R. , Gown A.M. , Hammar S.P. , Litzky L.A. , Roggli V.L. , Travis W.D. , Wick M.R. : Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. A consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 133: 1317–1331, 2009.

King J.E. , Thatcher N. , Pickering C.A. , Hasleton P. : Sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical markers used in the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma: a detailed systematic analysis using published data. Histopathology, 48: 223–232, 2006.

Klebe S. , Nurminen M. , Leigh J. , Henderson D.W. : Diagnosis of epithelial mesothelioma using three-based regression analysis and a minimal panel of antibodies. Pathology, 41: 140–148, 2009.

Ordoñez N.G. : What are the current best immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma? A review and update. Hum Pathol, 38: 1–16, 2007.

Travis W.D. , Brambilla E. , Müller-Hermelink H.K. , Harris C.C. : World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics. Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. IARC press, Lyon, 2004.

Kao S.C. , Griggs K. , Lee K. , Armstrong N. , Clarke S. , Vardy J. , van Zandwijk N. , Burn J. , McCaughan B.C. , Henderson D.W. , Klebe S. : Validation of a minimal panel of antibodies for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Pathology, 43: 313–317, 2011.

Dittman W.A. , Majerus P.W. : Structure and function of thrombomodulin: A natural anticoagulant. Blood, 75: 329–336, 1990.

Ordoñez N.G. : Value of thrombomodulin immunostaining in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Histopathology, 31: 25–30, 1997.

Ordoñez N.G. : Immunohistochemical diagnosis of epithelioid mesotheliomas: A critical review of old markers, new markers. Hum Pathol, 33: 953–967, 2002.

Collins C.L. , Ordoñez N.G. , Shaefer R. , Cook C.D. , Xie S.S. , Granger J. , Hsu P.L. , Fink L. , Hsu S.M. : Thrombomodulin expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Am J Pathol, 141: 827–833, 1992.

Comin C.E. , Novelli L. , Boddi V. , Paglierani M. , Dini S. : Calretinin, thrombomodulin, CEA, and CD15: A useful combination of immunohistochemical markers for differentiating pleural epithelial mesothelioma from peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol, 32: 529–536, 2001.

Comin C.E. , Dini S. , Novelli L. , Santi R. , Asirelli G. , Messerini L. : h-Caldesmon, a useful positive marker in the diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma, epithelioid type. Am J Surg Pathol, 30: 463–469, 2006.

Tolnay E. , Wiethege T. , Müller K-M : Expression and localization of thrombomodulin in preneoplastic bronchial lesions and in lung cancer. Virchows Arch, 430: 209–212, 1997.

Miettinen M. , Sarlomo-Rikala M. : Expression of calretinin, thrombomodulin, keratin 5, and mesothelin in lung carcinomas of different types. An immunohistochemical analysis of 596 tumors in comparison with epithelioid mesothelioma of the pleura. Am J Surg Pathol, 27: 150–158, 2003.

Attanoos R.L. , Gibbs A.R. : ‘Pseudomesotheliomatous’ carcinomas of the pleura: a 10-year analysis of cases from the Environmental Lung Disease Research Group, Cardiff. Histopathology, 43: 444–452, 2003.

Attanoos R.L. , Dojcinov S.D. , Webb R. , Gibbs A.R. : Anti-mesothelial markers in sarcomatoid mesothelioma and other spindle cell neoplasms. Histopathology, 37: 224–231, 2000.

Lucas D.R. , Pass H.I. , Madan S.K. , Adsay N.V. , Wali A. , Tabaczka P. , Lonardo F. : Sarcomatoid mesothelioma and its histological mimics: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Histopathology, 42: 270–279, 2003.

Takeshima Y. , Amatya V.J. , Kushitani K. , Kaneko M. , Inai K. : Value of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of pleural sarcomatoid mesothelioma from lung sarcomatoid carcinoma. Histopathology, 54: 667–676, 2009.

Doglioni C. , Dei Tos A.P. , Laurino L. , Iuzzolino P. , Chiarelli C. , Celio M.R. , Viale G. : Calretinin: a novel immunocytochemical marker of mesothelioma. Am J Surg Pathol, 20: 1037–1046, 1996.

Lugli A. , Forster Y. , Haas P. , Nocito A. , Bucher C. , Bissig H. , Mirlacher M. , Storz M. , Mihatsch M.J. , Sauter G. : Calretinin expression in human normal and neoplastic tissues: a tissue microarray analysis on 5233 tissue samples. Hum Pathol, 34: 994–1000, 2003.

Ordoñez N.G. : Value of calretinin immunostaining in differentiating epithelial mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol, 11: 929–933, 1998.

Pritchard S.A. , Howat A.J. , Edwards J.M. : Immunohistochemical panel for distinction between squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma. Histopathology, 43: 196–205, 2003.

Ordoñez N.G. : The diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing between epithelioid mesotheliomas and squamous carcinomas of the lung: a comparative study. Mod Pathol, 19: 417–428, 2006.

Padgett D.M. , Cathro H.P. , Wick M.R. , Mills S.E. : Podoplanin is a better immunohistochemical marker for sarcomatoid mesothelioma than calretinin. Am J Surg Pathol, 32: 123–127, 2008

Kenmotsu H. , Ishii G. , Nagai K. , Nakao M. , Kawase A. , Kojika M. , Murata Y. , Nishiwaki Y. , Ochiai A. : Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung expressing podoplanin and calretinin. Pathol Int, 58: 771–774, 2008.

Kushitani K. , Takeshima Y. , Amatya V.J. , Furonaka O. , Sakatani A. , Inai K. : Differential diagnosis of sarcomatoid mesothelioma from true sarcoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Pathol Int, 58: 75–83, 2008.

Chu P.G. , Weiss L.M. : Expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 509 cases. Mod Pathol, 15: 6–10, 2002.

Blobel G.A. , Moll R. , Franke W.W. , Kayser K.W. , Gould V.E. : The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of malignant mesotheliomas and its diagnostic significance. Am J Pathol, 121: 235–247, 1985.

Moll R. , Dhouailly D. , Sun T.T. : Expression of keratin 5 as a distinctive feature of epithelial and biphasic mesotheliomas: An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibody AE14. Virchows Arch B, 58: 129–145, 1989.

Clover J. , Oates J. , Edwards C. : Anti-cytokeratin 5/6: a positive marker for epithelioid mesothelioma. Histopathology, 31: 140–143, 1997.

Ordoñez N.G. : Value of cytokeratin 5/6 immunostaining in distinguishing epithelial mesothelioma of the pleura from lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol, 22: 1215–1221, 1998.

Watterwald A. , Hofstetter W. , Cecchini M.G. , Lanske B. , Wagner C. , Fleisch H. , Atkinson M. : Characterization and cloning of the E11 antigen, a marker expressed by rat osteoblasts and osteocytes. Bone, 18: 125–132, 1996.

Kalof A.N. , Cooper K. : D2–40 immunohistochemistry - so far! Adv Anat Pathol, 16: 62–64, 2009.

Ordoñez N.G. : D2–40 and podoplanin are highly specific and sensitive immunohistochemical markers of epithelioid mesothelioma. Hum Pathol, 36: 372–380, 2005.

Ordoñez N.G. : Podoplanin: A novel diagnostic immunohistochemical marker. Adv Anat Pathol, 13: 83–88, 2006.

Chu A.Y. , Litzky L.A. , Pasha T.L. , Acs G. , Zhang P.J. : Utility of D2-novel mesothelial marker, in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Mod Pathol, 18: 105–110, 2005.

Deniz H. , Kibar Y. , Güldür M.E. , Güldür M.E. , Bakir K. : Is D2-useful marker for distinguishing malignant mesothelioma from pulmonary adenocarcinoma and benign mesothelial proliferations? Pathol Res Pract, 205: 749–752, 2009.

Mimura T. , Ito A. , Sakuma T. , Ohbayashi C. , Yoshimura M. , Tsubota N. , Okita Y. , Okada M. : Novel marker D2–40, combined with calretinin, CEA, and TTF-1: an optimal set of immunodiagnostic markers for pleural mesotelioma. Cancer, 109: 933–938, 2007.

Müller A.M. , Franke F.E. , Müller K.M. : D2–40: a reliable marker in the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. Pathobiology, 73: 50–54, 2006.

Sienko A. , Zander D. , Killen D. , Singhal N. , Barrios R. , Haque A. , Cagle P.T. : D2–40 is a novel new marker of malignant mesothelioma (MM): tissue microarray study of versus 409 lung carcinomas and primary non-mesothelial neoplasms of the pleura and chest wall [Abstract]. Mod Pathol, 18(Suppl 1): 318, 2005.

Hu Y. , Yang Q. , McMahon L.A. , Wang H.L. , Xu H. : Value of D2-the differential diagnosis of pleural neoplasms with emphasis on its positivity in solitary fibrous tumor. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 18: 411–413, 2010.

Hwang H. , Quenneville L. , Yaziji H. , Gown A.M. : Wilms' tumor gene product. Sensitive and contextually specific marker of serous carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 12: 122–126, 2004.

Sharnhorst V. , Van der Eb A.J. , Jochemsen A.G. : WT1 proteins: functions in growth and differentiation. Gene, 273: 141–161, 2001.

Tsuta K. , Kato Y. , Tochigi N. , Hoshino T. , Takeda Y. , Hosako M. , Maeshima A.M. , Asamura H. , Kondo T. , Matsuno Y. : Comparison of different clones (WT49 versus 6F-H2) of WT-1 antibodies for immunohistochemical diagnosis of malignant pleural mesotelioma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 17: 126–130, 2009.

Amin K.M. , Litzky L.A. , Smythe W.R. , Mooney A.M. , Morris J.M. , Mews D.J. , Pass H.I. , Kari C. , Rodeck U. , Rauscher F.J. 3rd. Wilms' tumor 1 susceptibility (WT1) gene products are selectively expressed in malignant mesothelioma. Am J Pathol, 146: 344–356, 1995.

Kumar-Singh S. , Segers K. , Rodeck U. , Backhovens H. , Bogers J. , Weyler J. , Van Broeckhoven C. , Van Marck E. : WT1 mutation in malignant mesothelioma and WT1 immunoreactivity in relation to p53 and growth factor receptor expression, cell-type transition, and prognosis. J Pathol, 181: 67–74, 1997.

Oji Y. , Miyoshi S. , Maeda H. , Hayashi S. , Tamaki H. , Nakatsuka S. , Yao M. , Takahashi E. , Nakano Y. , Hirabayashi H. , Shintani Y. , Oka Y. , Tsuboi A. , Hosen N. , Asada M. , Fujioka T. , Murakami M. , Kanato K. , Motomura M. , Kim E.H. , Kawakami M. , Ikegame K. , Ogawa H. , Aozasa K. , Kawase I. , Sugiyama H. : Overexpression of the Wilms' tumor gene WT1 in de novo lung cancers. Int J Cancer, 100: 297–303, 2002.