Differences in Drinking Expectancies and Motives for Regular Education and Special Education High School Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders

Abstract

Alcohol expectancies and drinking motives were compared for regular education students (n = 159) and students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) receiving special education services (n = 51). Differences existed between groups with respect to expected negative social consequences and emotional and physical outcomes associated with drinking. Across groups, drinkers reported more positive alcohol expectancies than non-drinkers, while non-drinkers reported more negative alcohol expectancies than drinkers. Differences also existed between the regular education and EBD students who drank with respect to coping, conformity, and social motives. Accounting for sample sizes differences, the relationship between alcohol use and negative physical effect was stronger for regular education students, while the relationship between alcohol use and conformity motives was stronger for the EBD group.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Beck

K. H.

Thombs

D. L.

Summons

T. G.

(1993). The social context of drinking scales: Construct validation and relationship of indicants of abuse in an adolescent population. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 159–169.

Berman

B. A.

Streja

Guthmann

D. S.

(2010). Alcohol and other substance use among deaf and hard of hearing youth. Journal of Drug Education, 40, 99–124.

Blom-Hoffman

Leff

S. S.

Franko

D. L.

Weinstein

Beakley

Power

T. J.

(2009). Consent procedures and participation rates in school-based intervention and prevention research: Using a multi-component, partnership-based approach to recruit participants. School Mental Health, 1, 3–15.

Borsari

Carey

K. B.

(2003). Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64, 331–341.

Botvin

G. J.

(2000). Preventing drug abuse in schools: Social and competence enhancement approaches targeting individual-level etiologic factors. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 887–897.

Brown

S. A.

McGue

Maggs

Schulenberg

Hingson

Swartzwelder

, (2009). Underage alcohol use: Summary of developmental processes and mechanisms: Ages 16–20. Alcohol Research & Health, 32, 41–52.

Catanzaro

S. J.

Laurent

(2004). Perceived family support, negative mood regulation expectancies, coping, and adolescent alcohol use: Evidence of mediation and moderation effects. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 1779–1797.

Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. (2003). Teen tipplers: America's underage drinking epidemic. New York: The National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

Coleman

L. M.

Cater

S. M.

(2005). A qualitative study of the relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sex in adolescents. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 649–661.

10.

Conrod

P. J.

Stewart

S. H.

Comeau

Maclean

A. M.

(2006). Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting personality risk factors for youth alcohol misuse. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 550–563.

11.

Cooper

M. L.

(1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117–128.

12.

Dimeff

L. A.

Baer

J. S.

Kivlahan

D. R.

Marlatt

G. A.

(1999). Brief alcohol screening and intervention for college students. New York: Guilford Press.

13.

Elmquist

D. L.

Morgan

D. P.

Bolds

P. K.

(1992). Alcohol and other drug use among adolescents with disabilities. International Journal of the Addictions, 27, 1475–1483.

14.

Fisher

R. A.

(1921). On the probable error of a coefficient of correlation deduced from a small sample. Metron, 1, 3–32.

15.

Goodman

Meltzer

Bailey

(2003). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study of the validity of the self-report version. International Review of Psychiatry, 15, 173–177.

16.

Greenbaum

P. E.

Brown

E. C.

Friedman

R. M.

(1995). Alcohol expectancies among adolescents with conduct disorder: Prediction and mediation of drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 20, 321–333.

17.

Gress

J. R.

Boss

M. S.

(1996). Substance abuse differences among students receiving special education school services. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 26, 235–246.

18.

Hansen

W. B.

Malotte

C. K.

Collins

Fielding

J. E.

(1987). Dimensions and psychosocial correlates of adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 32, 19–31.

19.

Howell

D. C.

(1992). Statistical methods for psychology(3rd ed.). Boston: PWS-Kent.

20.

Jessor

S. L.

(1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. San Diego: Academic Press.

21.

Johnston

L. D.

O'Malley

P. M.

Bachman

J. G.

Schulenberg

J. E.

(2011). Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2010. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.

22.

Kassel

J. D.

Jackson

S. I.

Unrod

(2000). Generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation and problem drinking among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 332–340.

23.

Kuntsche

Knibbe

Gmel

Engels

(2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 841–861.

24.

Kuntsche

Stewart

S. H.

Cooper

M. L.

(2008). How stable is the motive-alcohol use link? A cross-national validation of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised among adolescents from Switzerland, Canada, and the United States. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69, 388–396.

25.

Kress

J. S.

Elias

M. J.

(1993). Substance abuse prevention in special education populations: Review and recommendations. Journal of Special Education, 27, 35–51.

26.

Laurent

Catanzaro

S. J.

Callan

M. K.

(1997). Stress, alcohol-related expectancies and coping preferences: A replication with adolescents of the Cooper et al. (1992) model. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 644–651.

27.

Leigh

B. C.

Stacy

A. W.

(1993). Alcohol outcome expectancies: Scale construction and predictive utility in higher order confirmatory models. Psychological Assessment, 5, 216–229.

28.

Leigh

B. C.

Stacy

A. W.

(2004). Alcohol expectancies and drinking in different age groups. Addiction, 99, 215–227.

29.

Leone

P. E.

(1991). Alcohol and other drugs: Use, abuse, and disabilities. Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED399172).

30.

Leone

P. E.

Greenberg

J. M.

Trickett

E. J.

Spero

(1988). A study of the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana by students identified as ‘seriously emotionally disturbed.’ Washington, DC: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED312798)

31.

Maag

J. W.

Irvin

D. M.

Reid

Vasa

S. F.

(1994). Prevalence and predictors of substance use: A comparison between adolescents with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27, 223–234.

32.

Mancha

B. E.

Rojas-Neese

V. C.

Latimer

W. W.

(2010). Alcohol use problem severity and problem behavior engagement among school-based youths in Minnesota. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19, 210–222.

33.

McCrystal

Percy

Higgins

(2007). Substance use behaviors of young people with a moderate learning disability: A longitudinal analysis. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 33, 155–161.

34.

Merrill

J. E.

Wardell

J. D.

Read

J. P.

(2009). Is expectancy reality? Associations between tension reduction beliefs and mood following alcohol consumption. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17, 434–444.

35.

Neighbors

Larimer

M. E.

Lewis

M. A.

(2004). Targeting misperceptions of descriptive drinking norms: Efficacy of a computer-delivered personalized normative feedback intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 434–447.

36.

Oesterle

Hill

K. G.

Hawkins

J. D.

Guo

Catalano

R. F.

Abbott

R. D.

(2004). Adolescent heavy episodic drinking trajectories and health in young adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65, 204–212.

37.

O'Leary-Barrett

Mackie

C. J.

Castellanos-Ryan

Al-Khudhairy

Conrod

P. J.

(2010). Personality-targeted interventions delay uptake of drinking and decrease risk of alcohol-related problems when delivered by teachers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 954–963.

38.

Patrick

M. E.

Wray-Lake

Finlay

A. K.

Maggs

J. L.

(2010). The long arm of expectancies: Adolescent alcohol expectancies predict adult alcohol use. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 45, 17–24.

39.

Snow

P. C.

Wallace

S. D.

Munro

G. D.

(2001). Drug education with special needs populations: Identifying and understanding the challenges. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 8, 261–273.

40.

Tabachnick

B. G.

Fidell

L. S.

(1989). Using multivariate statistics(2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.

41.

Wall

A-M.

Thrussell

Lalonde

R. N.

(2003). Do alcohol expectancies become intoxicated outcomes' A test of social-learning theory in a naturalistic bar setting. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 1271–1283.

42.

White

H. R.

Labouvie

E. W.

(1989). Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 30–37.

43.

Young

A. M.

King

Abbey

Boyd

C. J.

(2009). Adolescent peer-on-peer sexual aggression: Characteristics of aggressors of alcohol and non-alcohol-related assault. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70, 700–703.