The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical framework of learning and to develop a pedagogical (TTRACE) model that might be useful to teachers teaching statistics online or at a distance. We describe our graduate-level hybrid statistics course and the technological tools we utilized to illustrate how our model and design features can be applied in a real teaching context. We share our teaching and learning experiences, discuss what others in the field have learned, and offer suggestions to assist others in designing and improving similar courses.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbersonC. L.BergerD. E.HealyM. R.KyleD.RomeroV. L. (2000). Evaluation of an interactive tutorial for teaching the Central Limit Theorem. Teaching of Psychology, 27, 289–291
2.
AbersonC. L.BergerD. E.HealyM. R.RomeroV. L. (2002). An interactive tutorial for teaching statistical power. Journal of Statistics Education, 10(3). Retrieved November 1, 2003, from http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v10n3/aberson.html
3.
AgeelM. I. (2002). Spreadsheets as a simulation tool for solving probability problems. Teaching Statistics, 24(2), 51–54
4.
AlexanderP.MurphyP. (1998). The research base for APA's learner-centered psychological principles. In LambertN.McCombsB. (Eds.), How students learn: Reforming schools through learner-centered education (pp. 25–60). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
5.
Anderson-CookC. M.Dorai-RajS. (2003). Making the concepts of power and sample size relevant and accessible to students in introductory statistics courses using applets. Journal of Statistics Education, 11(3). Retrieved December 1, 2004, from http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v11n3/anderson-cook.html
6.
AshbacherC. (2003). ActivStats. Mathematics and Computer Education, 37(2), 254–255
7.
Ben-ZviD. (2000). Toward understanding the role of technological tools in statistical learning. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 2(12), 127–155
8.
BergeZ. L.CollinsM.DoughertyK. (2000). Design guidelines for web-based courses. IN AbbeyB. (Ed.), Instructional and cognitive impacts of Web-based education (pp. 32–40). London: Idea Group Publishing
9.
DanielsonJ.LockeeB.BurtonJ. (2000). ID and HCI: A marriage of necessity. In AbbeyB. (Ed.), Instructional and cognitive impacts of Web-based education (pp. 118–128). London: Idea Group Publishing
DuckworthW. M.StephensonW. R. (2002). Beyond traditional statistical methods. The American Statistician, 56(3), 230–233
12.
EggenP.KauchakD. (2001). Educational psychology: Windows on classrooms(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
13.
FettermanD. M. (2002). Web surveys to digital movies: Technological tools of the trade. Educational Researcher, 31(6), 29–37
14.
HeathG. D. (2002). Using applets in teaching mathematics. Mathematics and Computer Education, 36(1), 43–52
15.
HiltonS. C.ChristensenH. B. (2002). Evaluating the impact of multimedia lectures on student learning and attitudes. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Teaching Statistics. Voorburg, The Netherlands: International Statistical Institute
16.
JordanJ. (2004). The use of orally recorded exam feedback as a supplement to written comments. Journal of Statistics Education, 12(1). Retrieved February 10, 2005, from http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v12n1/jordan.html
17.
KellyB. (1998). Exploring statistics with the TI-83. Ontario, Canada: Brendan Kelly
KuhnJ. R. (2003). Graphing calculator programs for instructional data diagnostics and statistical inference. Journal of Statistics Education, 11(2). Retrieved March 2, 2004, from http://ww.amstat.org/publications/jse/v11n2/kuhn.html
20.
LockR. (2000). A sampler of WWW resources for teaching statistics. In MooreT. (Ed.), Teaching statistics: Resources for undergraduate instructors (pp. 191–197). Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America, (MAA Notes No. 52)
SymanzikJ.VukasinovicN. (2003). Teaching experiences with a course on Webbased statistics. The American Statistician, 57(1), 46–50
29.
UttsJ.SommerB.AcredoloC.MaherM. W.MatthewsH. R. (2003). A study comparing traditional and hybrid Internet-based instruction in introductory statistics classes. Journal of Statistics Education, 11(3). Retrieved June 14, 2004, from http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v11n3/utts.html
ZhangJ. (2002). Teaching statistics on-line: Our experiences and thoughts. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Teaching Statistics. Voorburg, The Netherlands: International Statistical Institute