The Development of an Instrument to Assess Preservice Teacher's Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Pre-service Teacher-Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Survey (PT-TPACK) instrument. The PT-TPACK survey items were written to assess preservice teachers' perceptions and understanding of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge construct originally proposed by Mishra and Koehler (2006). The participants for this study were preservice teachers (n = 120) enrolled in a foundations of educational technology course at a mid-sized western university. Data analysis yielded six interpretable factors: pedagogical knowledge (PK), technological knowledge (TK), content knowledge (CK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Technological content knowledge (TCK) was the only dimension in the TPACK construct specified a priori that did not emerge. Results from this study suggest that the PT-TPACK survey holds promise as a useful evaluation tool for assessing preservice teachers' knowledge and use of technology to increase the effectiveness of their instructional efforts.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Angeli

Valanides

(2005). Pre-service elementary teachers as information and communication technology designers: An instructional systems design model based on an expanded view of pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 292–302.

Apple Computer. (2005). Research: What it says about 1 to 1 learning. Retrieved on March 29, 2010 from http://www.aalf.org

Barack

(2005). New teachers techless. School Library Journal, 51(12), 18.

Culp

Honey

Mandinach

(2005). A retrospective of education technology policy. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 279–307.

Darling-Hammond

Hammerness

Grossman

Rust

Shulman

(2005). The design of teacher education programs. In Darling-Hammond

Bransford

(Eds., National Academy of Education), Preparing teachers for a changing world: What teachers should learn and be able to do (pp. 390–441). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Davis

Manzo

(2009, February 25). Stimulus package gives boost to school technology. Education Week, p. 7.

DeVellis

R. F.

(2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Dexter

Doering

Riedel

(2006). Content area specific technology integration: A model for educating teachers. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 14(2), 325–345.

Donovan

Hartley

Strudler

(2007). Teacher concerns during initial implementation of a one-to-one laptop initiative at the middle school level. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(3), 263–186.

10.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). (2001). No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Retrieved on February 20, 2009 from http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html

11.

Garson

G. D.

(2010). “Scales and Standard Measures,” from Statnotes: Topics in multivariate analysis. Retrieved March 30, 2010 from http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/statnote.htm

12.

Germain

Scandura

(2005). Grade inflation and student individual differences as systematic bias in faculty evaluations. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32(1), 58–67.

13.

Grimes

Warschauer

(2008). Learning with laptops: A multi-method case study. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 38I(3), 305–332.

14.

Guha

(2000, November). Are we all technically prepared? Teachers' perspectives on the causes of comfort or discomfort in using computers at elementary grade teaching. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for the Education of Young Children, Atlanta, GA.

15.

Hughes

(2004). Technology learning principles for pre-service and in-service teacher education. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education [Online serial], 4(3). Retrieved on February 2, 2009 from http://www.citejournal.org/vol4/iss3/general/article2.cfm

16.

Jöreskob

K. G.

Sörbom

(2007). LISREL (version 8.80) [Computer software]. Chicago: Scientific Software, Inc.

17.

Koehler

Mishra

(2008). Introducing TPCK. AACTE Committee on Innovation and Technology (Ed.), The handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators (pp. 3–29). New York: American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education & Routledge.

18.

Margerum-Leyes

Marx

(2004). The nature and sharing of teacher knowledge of technology in a student teacher/mentor teacher pair. Journal of Teacher Education, 55(5), 421–437.

19.

Mishra

Koehler

M. J.

(2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054.

20.

Mouza

(2008). Learning with laptops: Implementation and outcomes in an urban, under-privileged school. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40(4), 447–472.

21.

National Center for Education Statistics. (2000). Teachers' tools for the 21st century. (NCES 2000-102). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

22.

National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983, April). A nation at risk. Retrieved on February 24, 2009 from http://www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk.html

23.

Niess

(2008). Guiding preservice teachers in developing TPCK. AACTE's Committee on Innovation and Technology (Ed.), Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators (pp. 223–250). New York: Routledge.

24.

Niess

Ronau

Shafer

Driskell

Harper

Johnston

(2009). Mathematics teacher TPACK standards and development model. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 4–24.

25.

Read

Rama

Raghunandan

(2001). The relationship between student evaluations of teaching and faculty evaluations. Journal of Education for Business, 76(4), 189–192.

26.

Shulman

(1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.

27.

Sprinkle

(2008). Student perceptions of effectiveness: An examination of the influence of student bias. College Student Journal, 42(2), 276–293.

28.

SPSS Inc. (2009). PASW Statistics (version 18.0 for Macintosh) [Computer software]. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.

29.

Streiner

(2003). Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(1), 99–203.

30.

Strudler

Archambault

Bendixen

Anderson

Weiss

(2003). Project THREAD: Technology Helping Restructure Educational Access and Delivery. Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(1), 41–56.

31.

Strudler

Heflich

Anderson

(2001). Project THREAD: Technology Helping Restructure Educational Access and Delivery. SITE Annual, 2001.

32.

U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Technology. (2010). Transforming American education: Learning powered by technology. National educational technology plan 2010. Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/technology

33.

Wetzel

Foulger

T. S.

Williams

M. K.

(2008, Winter). The evolution of the required educational technology course. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 25(2), 67–71.