The aim of the present work is to analyze the interrelationship of cognition and emotion in the creative process of Carl Gustav Jung during the years 1906–1916, the period in which he sketched the basic ideas of his theory of the collective unconscious. The framework of this work is that of Howard Gruber, especially developed for carrying out psychological studies on scientific creativity, and designed for studying both the affective and cognitive aspects of the creative person, in order to recover the individual behind a work through the analysis of the three spheres in which she/he moves: private (personal documents, diaries), semi-private (discussions with close friends, face-to-face or by letter), and public (teachers, colleagues, etc.). Gruber attributes equal importance to all three; nevertheless, in this research the emphasis is placed on the semi-private sphere, as the connecting thread of the creative process, in that it is the most appropriate analytical space in which the cognitive and affective aspects are manifested in Jung. Therefore, its functioning is studied during the creative process, mentioning first its importance as the core of analysis in case studies, and moving on to analyze how it is projected toward the public sphere and toward the private sphere by means of inter-sphere connections.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BowerG. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129–148.
2.
BowerG. (1983). Affect and cognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 302, 387–402.
3.
CarotenutoA. (1982). A secret symmetry: Sabina Spielrein between Jung and Freud. New York: Pantheon Books.
4.
ChandrasekharS. (1987). Truth and beauty: Aesthetics and motivations in science. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
5.
CsikszentmihalyiM. (1988). Society, culture and person: A systems view of creativity. In SternbergR. (Ed.), The nature of creativity. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
6.
DonnL. (1990). Freud y Jung, los años de amistad los años perdidos. Buenos Aires, Vergara. (Original edition in English, 1988.)
7.
EinsteinA. (1949). Autobiographical notes. In SchilppP. A. (Ed.), Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. New York: Tudor.
8.
EllenbergerH. F. (1976). El descubrimiento del Inconsciente. Madrid, Gredos (trad. cast: Diorki). Edición original en alemácute;n 1973.
9.
EpsteinS (1985). The implications of cognitive-experiential self-theory for research in social psychology and personality. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 15, 282–310.
10.
FeistG. J. (1994). The affective consequences of artistic and scientific problem solving. Cognition and Emotion, 8(6), 489–502.
11.
FeistG. J., & GormanM. E. (1998). The psychology of science: Review and integration of a nascent discipline. Review of General Psychology, 2(1), pp. 3–47.
12.
FeistG. J., & RuncoM. A. (1993). Trends in the creativity literature: An analysis of research in the Journal of Creative Behavior (1967-1989). Creativity Research Journal, 6, 271–286.
13.
FreudD. (1969). Autobiografia. Madrid, Alianza.
14.
GardnerH. (1993a). Multiple intelligences. The theory in practice. New York. Basic Books.
15.
GardnerH. (1993b). Creative minds. An anatomy of creativity. New York: Basic Books.
16.
GedoM. (1983). Interconnections: A study of Chicago-style relationships in painting. Arts (pp. 92–97).
17.
GloverJ.RonningR., & ReynoldsC. (1989). Handbook of creativity. New York: Plenum Press.
18.
GreenT. R., & NoiceH. (1988). Influence of positive affect upon creative thinking and problem solving in children. Psychological Reports, 63, 895–898.
19.
GruberH. E. (1981). Darwin on man. A psychological study of scientific creativity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published, 1974.)
20.
GruberH. E., & DavisS. N. (1988). Inching our way up Mount Olympus: The evolving systems approach to creative thinking. SternbergR. (Ed.), The nature of creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
21.
GruberH., & WallaceD. (1989). Creative people at work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22.
GruberH. E., & WallaceD. B. (1999). The case study method and evolving system approach for understanding unique creative people at work. In SternbergR. J. (Ed.), Handbook of creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
23.
HoltonG. (1973). Thematic origins of scientific thought: Kepler to Einstein. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
24.
IsenA. M. (1984). Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition. In WyerR. S. & SrullT. K. (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 174–236). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
25.
IsenA. M.JohnsonM. M.MertzeE., & RobinsonG. F. (1985). The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1413–1426.
26.
IsenA. M.DaubmanK. A., & NowickiG. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122–1131.
27.
JafféA. (1992). De la vida y obra de C. G. Jung. Madrid: Libro Guia. Original 1968.
28.
JungC. G. (1912). Psychology of the unconscious. A study of the transformations and symbolism of the libido. Bollinger Series XX Princeton University Press, 1991.
KohutH. (1976). Creativeness, charisma, group psychology: Reflection on the self analysis of Freud. In Gedo & GedoG. Polloch (Eds.), Freud: The fusion of science and humanism (pp. 379–428). New York: New York University Press.
31.
KrisE. (1952). Psychoanalytic explorations in Art. New York: International University Press.
32.
KubieL. S. (1958). Neurotic distortion of the creative process. New York: Noonday Press.
33.
LarsonR. W. (1990). Emotions and the creative process; anxiety, boredom, and enjoyment as predictors of creative writing. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 275–292.
34.
McGuireW. & SauerlanderW. (1978). Sigmund Freud/Carl G. Jung. Correspondencia. Madrid, Taurus. (Original edition in German, 1974.) Sigmund Freud/Carl G. Jung. Briefwechsel. Frankfurt and Main: Fischer Verlag.
35.
MacKinnonD. W. (1975). IPAR's contribution to thc conceptualization and study of creativity. In GetzelsJ. M. & TaylorI. (Eds.), Perspectives in creativity (pp. 60–85). Chicago: Aldine.
36.
OatleyK., & JenkinsJ. M. (1992). Human emotion: Function and dysfunction. Annual Review of Psichology, 43, 55–85.
37.
PoincaréH. (1908). Science et Méthode. Paris: Flammarion.
38.
Root-BernsteinR., & Root-BernsteinM. (1999). Sparks of genius. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
39.
RothkopfJ. S., & BlaneyP. H. (1991). Mood congruent memory: The role of affective focus and gender. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 53–64.
40.
RoazenP. (1978). Freud y sus discipulos. Madrid: Alianza.
41.
PrentkyR. (1989). Creativity and psychopathology: Gambling at the seat of madness. In GloverJ.RonningR., & ReynoldC. (Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 243–269). New York/London: Plenum Press.
42.
RosenD. (1998). El tad de Jung: Una Via a La Integridad. Madria: Paidus Iberica.
43.
RuncoM. A. (1994). Creativity and its discontents. In ShawM. P. & RuncoM. A. (Eds.), Creativity and affect. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
44.
RussS. (1993). Affect and creativity: The role of affect and the creative process. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
45.
SedikidesC. (1992). Mood as a determinant of attentional focus. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 129–148.
46.
SlifeB. D., & WeaverC. A. (1992). Depression, cognitive skill, and metacognitive skill in problem solving. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 1–22.
47.
ValadezM. (2001). La relación entre la emoción y la cognición en la creatividad: Estudio del caso Carl Gustav Jung [The relationship between emotion and cognition in the creativity: The case study of Carl Gustav Jung]. Dissertation unpublished. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid.
48.
ValadezM., & RomoM. (2005). La recuperación de lo afectivo en la creatividad: Un estudio retrospectivo. Clinica y Anácute;lisis Grupal, 27(2), 145–163.
49.
VernonP. E. (1989). The nature-nurture problem in creativity. In GloverJ.RonningJ., & ReynoldsC. (Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 93–110). New York/London: Plenum Press.
50.
WallaceD. B., & GruberH. (1989). Creative people at work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
51.
WehrG. (1991). Carl Gustav Jung. Su vida, su obra, su influencia. Barcelona: Paidós. (Original edition in German, 1985.)
