Data recovery investigations at a buried upland site in Morgan County, Illinois documented a late Middle Archaic component. Five hearths were documented and represent three hearth-related activity areas. Three additional activity areas were defined: freehand core reduction area, bipolar core reduction area, and a general dumping/disposal area. The activity areas appear to be tethered to the hearths. A single occupation is indicated by soil micromorphology, refits, radiocarbon dates, and spatial data. Analysis of the recovered materials indicated that the site represents a residential base. This article summarizes the results of the analysis of site structure.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BinfordLewis R.1978Dimensional Analysis of Behavior and Site Structure Learning from the Eskimo Hunting Stand, American Antiquity, 43, pp. 330–361.
2.
BinfordLewis R.1980Willow Smoke and Dog's Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation, American Antiquity, 45(1), pp. 4–20.
3.
BinfordLewis R.1983In Pursuit of the Past, Thames and Hudson, London.
4.
BinfordLewis R.2006Bands as Characteristic of “Mobile Hunter-Gatherers” May Exist Only in the History of Anthropology, in Archaeology and Ethnography of Mobility, SelletF.GreavesR., and YuP.-L. (eds.), University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp. 3–22.
5.
BradburyAndrew P.2010Chapter 3: Phase III Archaeological Excavations of Site 11MG423 for The Rockies Express Pipeline-East (Rex East), Morgan County, Illinois, report submitted to Caprock Environmental Services, LLC, Bettendorf, Iowa 52722. IHPA Log No.: 004051506, FERC Docket Number: CP07-208-000.
6.
BradburyAndrew P.DelcastelloBrian G.BonzaniRenèe M.ChurchFloraScott-CummingsLindaSherwoodSarah C.YostChad, and LoganMelissa2011Data Recovery Excavations of 11MG423: A Middle Archaic Upland Site in Morgan County, Illinois. Illinios Archaeology, 23, pp. 23–63.
7.
BrownJames A. and VierraRobert K.1983What Happened in the Middle Archaic?: Introduction to an Ecological Approach to Koster Site Archaeology, in Archaic Hunters and Gatherers in the American Midwest, PhillipsJ. L. and BrownJ. A. (eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 165–196.
8.
Commonwealth Cultural Resources Group, Inc. (Ccrg)2008Phase II Archaeological Investigations at 11PK1733, 11PK1722, 11PK1597, 11PK1607, 11PK1675, 11PK817, 11PK1692, 11PK1702, 11PK1706, 11PK1674, 11PK1672, 11PK1710, 11PK1655, 11PK1656, 11PK272, 11PK1245, 11ST520, 11ST522, 11ST535, 11ST527, 11MG424, 11MG423, 11MG405, 11SG1351, 11MT252, and 11DO189 Rockies Express Pipeline-East (Rex-East) Project Pike, Scott, Morgan, Sangamon, Christian, Macon, Moultrie, Douglas, and Edgar Counties, Illinois, report submitted to Natural Resource Group, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota.
9.
DoershukJohn R.1989Hunter-Gatherer Site Structure and Sedentism: The Koster Site Middle Archaic, unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University.
10.
DoranJ. E. and HodsonF. R.1975Mathematics and Computers in Archaeology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
11.
FlennikenJ. Jeffrey1981Replicative Systems Analysis: A Model Applied to Vein Quartz Artifacts From the Hoko River Site, report of Investigations No. 59, Laboratory of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman.
12.
GambleClive1991An Introduction to the Living Spaces of Mobile Peoples, in Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to Mobile Campsites, GambleC. S. and BoismierW. A. (eds.), International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 1–24.
13.
GreggSusan A.KintighKeith W., and WhallonRobert1991Linking Ethnographical Interpretation and Archaeological Data: The Sensitivity of Spatial Analytical Methods to Postdepositional Disturbance, in The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Pattering, KrollE. M. and PriceT. D. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 149–198.
14.
HaydenBrian1980Confusion in the Bipolar World: Bashed Pebbles and Splintered Pieces, Lithic Technology, 9, pp. 2–7.
15.
HodderIan and OrtonClive1976Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
16.
JermannJ. V. and DunnellR. C.1979Some Limitations of Isopleth Mapping in Archaeology, in Computer Graphics in Archaeology: Statistical Cartographic Applications to Spatial Analysis in Archaeological Contexts, UphamS. (ed.), Arizona State University, Anthropological Research Papers, No. 15, pp. 31–60.
17.
JohnsonRichard A. and WichernDean W.1992Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis (3rd Edition), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
18.
JonesK. T.1993The Archaeological Structure of a Short-Term Camp, in From Bones to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to the Interpretations of Faunal Remains, HudsonJ. (ed.), Occasional Paper No. 21, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 101–114.
19.
KellyRobert L.1983Hunter-Gatherer Mobility Strategies, Journal of Anthropological Research, 39, pp. 277–306.
20.
KellyRobert L.1992Mobility/Sedentism: Concepts, Archaeological Measures, and Effects, Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, pp. 43–66.
KintighKeith W.1990Intrasite Spatial Analysis: A Commentary on Major Methods, in Mathematics and Information Science in Archaeology: A Flexible Framework, VoorripsAlbertus (ed.), Studies in Modern Archaeology, 3, pp. 165–200.
23.
KintighKeith W. and AmmermanAlbert1982Heuristic Approaches to Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, American Antiquity, 47, pp. 31–63.
24.
KvammeKenneth L.1996Investigating Chipping Debris Scatters: GIS as an Analytical Engine, in New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information in Modern Archaeological Research, MaschnerD. G. (ed.), Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Occasional Paper, No. 23, pp. 38–71.
25.
MetcalfeDuncan and HeathKathleen M.1990Microrefuse and Site Structure: The Hearths and Floors of the Heartbreak Hotel, American Antiquity, 55, pp. 781–797.
26.
NewcomerM. H. and SievekingG. de G.1980Experimental Flake Scatter-Patterns: A New Interpretive Technique, Journal of Field Archaeology, 7, pp. 345–352.
27.
NolanDavid J.1991Final Report of Phase II Testing on the FAP 53 (S. Route 136) Project: Archaic and Weaver Occupations in the Confluence Area of the LaMoine River, reports of Investigations #4, Western Illinois University Archaeological Research Laboratory.
28.
DavidJ. Nolan and FishelRichard L.2009Archaic Cultural Variation and Lifeways in West-Central Illinois, in Archaic Societies: Diversity and Complexity across the Midcontinent, EmersonThomas E.McElrathDale L., and FortierAnder C. (eds.), State University of New York Press, Albany, New York, pp. 401–490.
29.
O'ConnellJames F.1987Alyawara Site Structure and Its Archaeological Implications, American Antiquity, 52, pp. 74–108.
30.
RigaudJean-Philippe and SimekJan F.1991Interpreting Spatial Patterns at the Grotte XV: A Multiple Method Approach, in The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Pattering, KrollE. M. and PriceT. D. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 199–220.
31.
SergantJorisCrombePhilippe, and PerdaenYves2006The ‘Invisible’ Hearths: A Contribution to the Discernment of Mesolithic Non-Structured Surface Hearths, Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, pp. 999–1007.
32.
SherwoodSarah C.2010The Micromorphological Evaluation of Thin Sections From Site 11MG423, Morgan County, Illinois, in Chapter 3: Phase III Archaeological Excavations of Site 11MG423 for The Rockies Express Pipeline-East (Rex East), Morgan County, Illinois, by Andrew P. Bradbury, report submitted to Caprock Environmental Services, LLC, Bettendorf, Iowa 52722. IHPA Log No.: 004051506, FERC Docket Number: CP07-208-000.
33.
SimekJan F.1987Spatial Order and Behavioural Change in the French Paleolithic, Antiquity, 61, pp. 25–40.
34.
SimmsSteven R.1988The Structure of the Bustos Wickiup Site, Eastern Nevada, Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 11, pp. 2–34.
35.
StaffordC. Russell (editor) 1985The Campbell Hollow Archaic Occupations: A Study of Intrasite Spatial Structure in the Lower Illinois River Valley, Research Series Vol. 4, Kampsville Archeological Center, Center for American Archeology, Kampsville, Illinois.
36.
StaffordC. Russell1991Archaic Period Logistical Foraging Strategies in West-Central Illinois, Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 16(2), 212–246.
37.
StevensonMarc G.1991Beyond the Formation of Hearth-Associated Artifact Assemblages, in The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning, KrollEllen M. and PriceT. Douglas (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 269–299.
38.
WandsniderLuAnn1996Describing and Comparing Archaeological Spatial Structures, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 3(4), pp. 319–384.
39.
WhallonRobert1984Unconstrained Cluster Analysis, in Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, HietalaH. (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 112–123.
40.
YellenJ. E.1977Archaeological Approaches to the Present: Models for Reconstructing the Past, Academic Press, New York.
