The present article utilizes the six basic concepts of consciousness for the purpose of clarifying the nature and characteristics of William James's stream of awareness. Simultaneously, an effort is made to render these concepts more understandable as referring to different properties and kinds of properties of a single basic phenomenon. Thus, a second purpose of this article is implicitly to relate and integrate the six concepts by bringing them to bear on the stream of awareness.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
NatsoulasT., Concepts of Consciousness, The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 4, pp. 13–59, 1983.
2.
NeisserU., Is Psychology Ready for Consciousness?Contemporary Psychology, 24, pp. 99–100, 1979.
3.
NatsoulasT., Consciousness, American Psychologist, 33, pp. 906–914, 1978.
4.
SamelsonF., Organizing for the Kingdom of Behavior: Academic Battles and Organizational Policies in the Twenties, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 21, pp. 33–47, 1985.
5.
NatsoulasT., Freud and Consciousness: I. Intrinsic Consciousness, Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 7, pp. 195–232, 1984.
6.
NatsoulasT., Freud and Consciousness: II. Derived Consciousness, Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 8, pp. 183–220, 1985.
7.
NatsoulasT., Concerning the Unity of Consciousness: Part II. William James on Personal Conscious Unity, Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 5, pp. 21–30, 1985–1986.
8.
JamesW., The Principles of Psychology, 3 vols., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1981. (Originally published in 1890.)
9.
NatsoulasT., Basic Problems of Consciousness, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, pp. 132–178, 1981.
10.
ThorndikeE. L., James's Influence on the Psychology of Perception and Thought, Psychological Review, 50, pp. 87–94, 1943.
11.
AllportG. W., The Productive Paradoxes of William James, Psychological Review, 50, pp. 95–120, 1943.
12.
EvansR. B., Introduction: The Historical Context, The Principles of Psychology, JamesW., 3 vols., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1981.
13.
HebbD. O., Concerning Imagery, Psychological Review, 75, pp. 466–477, 1968.
14.
HebbD. O., The Mind's Eye, Psychology Today, 2:12, pp. 54–57; 67–68, 1969.
15.
HebbD. O., A Textbook of Psychology (3rd edition), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1972.
16.
HebbD. O., What Psychology Is About, American Psychologist, 29, pp. 71–79, 1974.
17.
BarlowH. B., Nature's Joke: A Conjecture on the Biological Role of Consciousness, in Consciousness and the Physical World, JosephsonB. D.RamachandranV. S. (eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.
18.
LuriaA. R., Human Brain and Psychological Processes, Harper and Row, New York, 1966.
19.
LuriaA. R., Higher Cortical Functions in Man (2nd edition), Basic Books, New York, 1980. (Second Russian edition published in 1969.)
20.
LuriaA. R., The Human Brain and Conscious Activity, in Consciousness and Self Regulation, Volume 2, SchwartzG. E.ShapiroD. (eds.), Plenum, New York, 1978.
21.
LewisC. S., Studies in Words, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1967.
22.
DeweyJ., The Terms “Conscious” and “Consciousness,”Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 3, pp. 39–41, 1906.
23.
ReedG., The Psychology of Anomalous Experience, Hutchinson, London, 1972.
24.
JaspersK., General Psychopathology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1963.
25.
LandisC., Varieties of Psychopathological Experience, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1964.
26.
LangJ., The Other Side of Hallucinations: I, American Journal of Psychiatry, 94, pp. 1089–1097, 1938.
27.
LangJ., The Other Side of Hallucinations: II, American Journal of Psychiatry, 96, pp. 423–430, 1939.
28.
LangJ., The Other Side of the Affective Aspects of Schizophrenia, Psychiatry, 2, pp. 195–202, 1939.
29.
LangJ., The Other Side of the Ideological Aspects of Schizophrenia, Psychiatry, 3, pp. 389–393, 1940.
30.
NatsoulasT., The Unity of Consciousness, Behaviorism, 7, pp. 45–63, 1979.
31.
FreudS., A Note Upon the “Mystic-Writing Pad,”Standard Edition, Volume 19, Hogarth Press, London, 1961. (Original German version published in 1925.)
32.
Merleau-PontyM., Phenomenology of Perception, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962.
33.
BergmannG., The Contribution of John B. Watson, Psychological Review, 63, pp. 265–276, 1956.
34.
HusserlE., Ideas, Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands, 1983. (Original German version published in 1913.)
35.
FinkE., Discussion, Collected Papers, Volume 3, A. Shutz, Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands, 1966. (Original German version published in 1957.)
36.
SchutzA., Discussion, Collected Papers, Volume 3, A. Shutz, Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands, 1966. (Original German version published in 1957.)
37.
FreudS., The Unconscious, Standard Edition, Volume 14, Hogarth Press, London, 1957. (Original German version published in 1915.)
38.
NatsoulasT., Gustav Bergmann's Psychophysiological Parallelism, Behaviorism, 12:1, pp. 41–69, 1984.
39.
PopperK. R.EcclesJ. C., The Self and Its Brain, Springer-Verlag, West Berlin, 1977.
40.
JamesW., Does “Consciousness” Exist?Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 1, pp. 477–491, 1904.
41.
NatsoulasT., The Experience of a Conscious Self, The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 4, pp. 451–478, 1983.
42.
NatsoulasT., Concerning the Unity of Consciousness: I. Varieties of Conscious Unity, Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 3, pp. 281–303, 1983–1984.
43.
CermakL. S.O'ConnorM., The Anteretrograde and Retrograde Retrieval Ability of a Patient with Amnesia Due to Encephalitis, Neuropsychologia, 21, pp. 213–234, 1983.
44.
TulvingE., Memory and Consciousness, Canadian Psychology, 26, pp. 1–12, 1985.
45.
PottsT. C., Conscience in Medieval Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. 1980.
46.
BergmannG., Logic and Reality, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1964.
47.
NatsoulasT., Dimensions of Perceptual Awareness, Behaviorism, 10, pp. 85–112, 1982.
48.
GibsonJ. J., The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1979.
49.
FreudS., An Outline of Psycho-Analysis, Standard Edition, Volume 23, Hogarth Press, London, 1964. (Original German version composed in 1938.)
50.
FieldR. W., William James and the Epochal Theory of Time, Process Studies, 13, pp. 260–274, 1983.
51.
NatsoulasT., A Selective Review of Conceptions of Consciousness with Special Reference to Behavioristic Interpretations, Cognition and Brain Theory, 6, pp. 417–447, 1983.
52.
NatsoulasT., An Introduction to the Perceptual Kind of Conception of Direct (Reflective) Consciousness, The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 6, pp. 333–356, 1985.
53.
BrentanoF., Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, Humanities Press, New York, 1973. (Second German edition published in 1911.)
54.
HebbD. O., To Know Your Own Mind, in Images, Perception, and Knowledge, NicholasJ. M. (ed.), Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1977.
55.
HebbD. O., A Problem of Localization, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, p. 357, 1978.
56.
HebbD. O., Essay on Mind, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1980.
57.
HebbD. O., Consider Mind as a Biological Problem, Neuroscience, 6, pp. 2419–2422, 1981.
58.
HebbD. O., The Problem of Consciousness and Introspection, in Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness, DelafresnayeJ. F. (ed.), Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1954.
59.
NatsoulasT., Consciousness: Consideration of an Inferential Hypothesis, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 7, pp. 29–39, 1977.
60.
FreudS., A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-Analysis, Standard Edition, Volume 12, Hogarth Press, London, 1958. (Original German publication in 1912).
61.
FreudS., The Unconscious, Standard Edition, Volume 14, Hogarth Press, London, 1957. (Original German publication in 1915.)
62.
FreudS., An Autobiographical Study, Standard Edition, Volume 20, Hogarth Press, London, 1959. (Original German publication in 1925.)
63.
LockeJ., An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975. (Original fifth edition published in 1706.)
64.
SperryR. W., Neurology and the Mind-Brain Problem, American Scientist, 40, pp. 291–312, 1952.
65.
NatsoulasT., Personality and Consciousness: A Theoretical Essay, Cognition and Brain Theory, 7, pp. 135–166, 1984.
66.
NatsoulasT., The Subjective Organization of Personal Consciousness: A Concept of Conscious Personality, The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 5, pp. 311–336, 1984.
67.
O'ShaughnessyB., Mental Structure and Self-Consciousness, Inquiry, 15, pp. 30–63, 1972.
68.
SchutzA., On Multiple Realities, in Collected Papers, Volume 1, A. Schutz, Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands, 1962. (Originally published in 1945.)