Copyright and Cultural Production: A Knowledge and Wisdom Theory Perspective on Education Policy

Abstract

This article addresses concerns about the role of education policy in the context of knowledge-related public policy. Specifically, it raises concerns about how the technocratic and anti-social tendencies already observed in knowledge-related policy discourse may adversely influence the intellectual and cultural life of communities. A key goal of this article, then, is to stimulate debate about how we might, through education policy, slow the relentless and socially impoverishing drive towards a more commercially and technologically centred society; a society that is savant-like in its technical capacities yet fails to measure up on basic social and cultural imperatives such as the pursuit of knowledge and cultural expression for their own sakes. The article draws on two complementary theories, the relational theory of knowledge and the balance theory of wisdom, to set out a novel framework for deciding what the goals of education in a knowledge society might be. Finally, the article will make a case study of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's 2003 Education Policy Analysis document to demonstrate how this relational and balance theory of knowledge can be used to evaluate and improve education policy for its contribution to achieving a knowledge society.

References

Adorno

(1991) The Culture Industry: Selected essays on mass culture. London: Routledge.

Archer

M.S.

(1996) Culture and Agency: The place of culture in social theory, revised edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Aristotle (1984) Nicomachean Ethics. Grinnell, IO, The Peripatetic Press.

Australian Film Commission (2005) Policy and Research. Canberra: Australian Film Commission. http://www.afc.gov.au/policyandresearch/default.aspx

Bently

Sherman

(2004) Intellectual Property Law. New York: Oxford University Press.

Berger

Luckmann

(1966) The Social Construction of Reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Doubleday.

Boden

M.A.

(2003) The Creative Mind: Myths and mechanisms, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.

Bohm

(1998) On Creativity. London: Routledge.

Burrell

Morgan

(1979) Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life. London: Heinemann.

10.

Chang

Y.-C.

Chen

M.-H.

Hua

Yang

P.Y.

(2005) Industrializing Academic Knowledge in Taiwan, Research Technology Management, 48, pp. 45–50.

11.

Combs

(1995) The Radiance of Being: Complexity, chaos and the evolution of consciousness. Edinburgh: Floris Books.

12.

Creative Commons (2003) Licenses Explained. Stanford: Creative Commons. http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses

13.

Creative Commons (2005) ‘Some Rights Reserved’: Building a layer of reasonable copyright. San Francisco: Creative Commons. http://creativecommons.org/about/history

14.

Davey

(1989) Baumgarten's Aesthetics: A post Gadamerian reflection, British Journal of Aesthetics, 29(2), pp. 101–115.

15.

Dempsey

(1999) Revisiting Intellectual Property Policy: Information economics for the information age, Prometheus, 17(1), pp. 33–40.

16.

Drahos

(1999) Designing Institutions in the Information Society, in Macdonald

Nightingale

Information and Organisation: A tribute to the work of Don Lamberton, pp. 143–154. Amsterdam: New Holland.

17.

Drahos

(2005) Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge Economy, in Rooney

Hearn

Ninan

(Eds) Handbook on the Knowledge Economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

18.

Drahos

Braithwaite

(2002) Information Feudalism: Who owns the knowledge economy? London: Earthscan.

19.

Dunne

(1997) Back to the Rough Ground: Practical judgement and the lure of technique. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

20.

Edelman

G.M.

Tononi

(2000) A Universe of Consciousness: How matter becomes imagination. New York: Basic Books.

21.

Edman

(1928/39) Arts and the Man: A short introduction to aesthetics. New York: W.W. Norton.

22.

Eflin

(2003) Epistemic Presuppositions and their Consequences, in Brady

Pritchard

(Eds) Moral and Epistemic Virtues, pp. 47–66. Oxford: Blackwell.

23.

Eisner

(1979) The Educational Imagination: On the design and evaluation of school programs. New York: Macmillan.

24.

Fishman

R.M.

Josephberg

Linn

Pollack

Victoriano

(2002) UK Copyright Changes Criticised on Fair Use, Intellectual Property and Technology Law Journal, 14(12), pp. 24–26.

25.

Gebser

(1985) The Ever Present Origin. Athens: Ohio University Press.

26.

Groefsema

(1995) Can, May, Must and Should: A relevance theoretic account, Journal of Linguistics, 31, pp. 53–79.

27.

Harvard Law Review (1992) A New Spin on Music Sampling: A case for fair play, Harvard Law Review, 105(3), pp. 726–745.

28.

Heller

M.A.

(1998) The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the transition from Marx to markets, Harvard Law Review, 111(3), pp. 621–668.

29.

Hookway

(2003) Affective States and Epistemic Immediacy, in Brady

Pritchard

(Eds) Moral and Epistemic Virtues. Oxford: Blackwell.

30.

Hughes

G.J.

(2001) Aristotle on Ethics. London: Routledge.

31.

Kretschmer

(2005) Artists' Earnings and Copyright: A review of the British and German music industry data in the context of digital technologies, First Monday, 10. http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue10_1/kretschmer/index.html

32.

Labouvie-Vief

(1990) Wisdom as Integrated Thought: Historical and developmental perspectives, in Sternberg

R.J.

(Ed.) Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development, pp. 52–83. New York: Cambridge University Press.

33.

Lessig

(2004) Free Culture. New York: Penguin.

34.

Mandeville

(1996) Understanding Novelty: Information, technological change and the patent system. Norwood: Ablex.

35.

Maskus

K.E.

(2000) Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 32(3), pp. 471–506.

36.

McCarthy

E.D.

(1996) Knowledge as Culture: The new sociology of knowledge. London: Routledge.

37.

McKenna

B.J.

Graham

(2000) Technocratic Discourse: A primer, Technical Writing and Communication, 30(3), pp. 219–247.

38.

Moulakis

(1994) Beyond Utility: Liberal education for a technological age. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.

39.

Negus

Pickering

(2004) Creativity, Communication and Cultural Value. London: Sage.

40.

New London Group (2000) A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing social futures, in Cope

Kalantzis

(Eds) Multiliteracies: Literacy learning and the design of social futures, pp. 9–37. London: Routledge.

41.

Noel

(2005) Copyright Matters: Some key questions and answers for teachers. Ottawa: Council of Ministers of Education, Canada; Canadian School Boards Association; and Canadian Teachers' Federation.

42.

Olson

(1987) An Introduction: Understanding literacy, Interchange 18(1), pp. 1–8. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1007/BF01807055

43.

Loren

L. Pallas

(1997) Redefining the Market Failure Approach to Fair Use in an Era of Copyright Permission Systems, Journal of Intellectual Property Law, 5(1), pp. 1–58.

44.

Reichman

J.H.

(2000) The TRIPS Agreement Comes of Age: Conflict or cooperation with the developing countries? Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 32(3), pp. 441–470.

45.

Rooney

(2005) Knowledge, Economy, Technology and Society: The politics of discourse, Telematics and Informatics, 22(3), pp. 405–422. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.tele.2004.11.007

46.

Rooney

Hearn

Mandeville

Joseph

(2003) Public Policy in Knowledge-Based Economies: Foundations and frameworks. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

47.

Rooney

McKenna

(2005) Should the Knowledge-Based Economy be a Savant or a Sage? Wisdom and Socially Intelligent Innovation, Prometheus, 23(3), pp. 307–323.

48.

Shapin

(1994) A Social History of Truth: Civility and science in seventeenth-century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

49.

Sharp

(2002) Coming Soon to Pay-Per-View: How the Digital Millennium Copyright Act enables digital content owners to circumvent educational fair use, American Business Law Journal, 40(1), pp. 1–81.

50.

Slote

(2003) Sentimentalist Virtue and Moral Judgement: Outline of a project, in Brady

Pritchard

(Eds) Moral and Epistemic Virtues. Oxford: Blackwell.

51.

Sternberg

R.J.

(2003) Wisdom, Intelligence and Creativity Synthesized. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

52.

Street

B.V.

(1984) Literacy in Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

53.

Taylor

S.S.

(2000) Aesthetic Knowledge in Academia, Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(3), pp. 304–328.

54.

Teece

D.J.

(2000) Strategies for Managing Knowledge Assets: The role of firm structure and industrial context, Long Range Planning, 33(1), pp. 35–54. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/S0024-6301(99)00117-X

55.

Tushnet

(2004) Copy this Essay: How fair use doctrine harms free speech and how copying serves it, The Yale Law Journal, 114(3), pp. 535–556.

56.

Wade

(Ed.) (1996) Changes of Mind: A holonomic theory of the evolution of consciousness. New York: State University of New York Press.

57.

Weiss

Thurbon

Matthews

(2004) How to Kill a Country: Australia's devastating trade deal with the United States. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

58.

Whale

R.F.

(1971) Copyright: Evolution, theory and practice. London: Longman.