Academic Entrepreneurship vs . Changing Governance and Institutional Management Structures at European Universities

Abstract

This article discusses academic entrepreneurship in the context of ongoing changes in university management and governance in European universities. The comparative perspective is provided by the European Union (EU) research project ‘European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their Role in the Europe of Knowledge’ (EUEREK) comprising seven European countries, and it draws heavily from ideas and research results of Burton Clark, Michael Shattock and Gareth Williams. It views transformations in university governance and management in the context of the recent emphasis by the European Commission (EC) on the vital role of changes in institutional governance and its ‘modernisation agenda for universities’. The article presents a general discussion of the EC's prioritisation of areas of transformation of European universities in which governance structures figure prominently, discusses the role of risk-taking at entrepreneurial institutions and shows the role of risk management. It also discusses the clash of old academic and new managerial values at entrepreneurial universities and the traditional academic idea of collegiality. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the future of public institutions in Europe.

References

Arnold

Deuten

Zaman

(2006) Four Case Studies in University Modernisation: KU Leuven, Twente, Manchester and Loughborough. Enschede: Technopolis.

Clark

(1998) Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational pathways of transformation. New York: Pergamon Press.

Clark

(2004a) Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in case studies and concepts. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Clark

(2004b) Delineating the Character of the Entrepreneurial University, Higher Education Policy, 17, 355–370.

Currie

(2002) Australian Universities as Enterprise Universities: Transformed players on a global stage, in proceedings of the conference ‘Globalisation: What issues are at stake for universities?’ http://www.bi.ulaval.ca/Globalisation-Universities/pages/actes/

Currie

Newson

(Eds) (1998) Universities and Globalization: Critical perspectives. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Deem

(2001) Globalisation, New Managerialism, Academic Capitalism and Entrepreneurialism in Universities: Is the local dimension still important? Comparative Education, 37(1), 7–20. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1080/03050060020020408

EUEREK (2006) Case Studies of 27 European Universities. http://www.euerek.info

EUEREK (2007) European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their role in the Europe of knowledge (EUEREK). Revised report (Deliverable 12). Submitted to the European Commission, January 2007.

10.

European Commission (EC) (2000) Strategy for a Real Research Policy in Europe. Brussels. IP/00/52.

11.

European Commission (EC) (2002) Investing Efficiently in Education and Training: An imperative for Europe. Brussels, COM(2002) 779 final.

12.

European Commission (EC) (2003a) ‘Education and Training 2010’: The success of the Lisbon Strategy hinges on urgent reforms. Brussels, COM(2003) 685 final.

13.

European Commission (EC) (2003b) The Role of Universities in the Europe of Knowledge. Brussels, COM(2003) 58.

14.

European Commission (EC) (2005a) Mobilising the Brainpower of Europe: Enabling universities to make their full contribution to the Lisbon Strategy. Brussels, COM(2005) 152 final.

15.

European Commission (EC) (2005b) European Higher Education in a Worldwide Perspective. Commission Staff Working Paper. Brussels, SEC(2005) 518.

16.

European Commission (EC) (2005c) European Universities: Enhancing Europe's research base. Report by the Forum on University-based Research. Brussels: DG Research.

17.

European Commission (EC) (2006a) Delivering on the Modernisation Agenda for Universities: Education, research and innovation. Brussels, COM(2006) 208 final.

18.

European Commission (EC) (2006b) Cluster ‘Modernisation of Higher Education’. Issue paper on Governance. Brussels, Doc. MHE 7.

19.

European Commission (EC) (2006c) Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning. Brussels, COM(2006) 33 final.

20.

European Commission (EC) (2006d) Europe Needs Modernised Universities, Says European Commission. IP/06/592, Brussels, 10 May.

21.

Gallagher

(2000) The Emergence of Entrepreneurial Public Universities in Australia. Canberra: Department of Education.

22.

Jarzabkowski

(2002) Centralised or Decentralised? Strategic Implications of Resource Allocation Models, Higher Education Quarterly, 56(1), 5–32. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1111/1468-2273.00200

23.

Kwiek

(2004) The Emergent European Educational Policies under Scrutiny: The Bologna Process from a central European perspective, European Educational Research Journal, 3(4), 759–776. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.2304/eerj.2004.3.4.3b

24.

Kwiek

(2005) The University and the State in a Global Age: Renegotiating the traditional social contract? European Educational Research Journal, 4(4), 324–342. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.2304/eerj.2005.4.4.1

25.

Kwiek

(2006) The University and the State: A study into global transformations. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

26.

Kwiek

(2008a) On Accessibility and Equity, Market Forces and Entrepreneurship: Developments in higher education in central and eastern Europe, Higher Education Management and Policy, 20(1), 89–110.

27.

Kwiek

(2008b) Entrepreneurialism and Private Universities, in Shattock

Michael

(Ed.) Entrepreneurialism in Universities and the Knowledge Economy. Diversification and Organisational Change in European Higher Education, 78–97. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

28.

Kwiek

(2008c) The Two Decades of Privatization in Polish Higher Education: Cost-sharing, equity, and access. Die hochschule, 2, 94–112.

29.

Lazzeretti

Tavoletti

(2005) Higher Education Excellence and Local Economic Development: The case of the Entrepreneurial University of Twente, European Planning Studies, 13(3), 475–493. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1080/09654310500089779

30.

Mallon

(2004) Disjointed Governance in University Centers and Institutes, New Directions for Higher Education, 127, 61–74. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/DOI:10.1002/he.156

31.

Marginson

(2000) Monash: Remaking the university. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

32.

Marginson

Consodine

(2000) The Enterprise University. Power, Governance and Reinvention in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

33.

Middlehurst

(2004) Changing Internal Governance: A discussion of leadership roles and management structures in UK universities. Higher Education Quarterly, 58(4), 258–279. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2004.00273.x

34.

Mora

(2001) Governance and Management in the New University, Tertiary Education and Management, 7(2). 95–110. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1023/A:1011338016085

35.

Page

(2005) What's New about the New Public Management? Administrative change in the human services, Public Administration Review, 65(6), 713–727. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00500.x

36.

Schutte

(1999) The University–Industry Relations of an Entrepreneurial University: The case of the University of Twente, Higher Education in Europe, 24(1).https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1080/0379772990240105

37.

Sharma

(2004) Performance-based Funding in the Entrepreneurial North American and Australian Universities, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 26(1), 109–118. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1080/1360080042000182564

38.

Shattock

(2000) Strategic Management in European Universities in an Age of Increasing Institutional Self-Reliance, Tertiary Education and Management, 6(2), 93–104. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1023/A:1009665119955

39.

Shattock

(2002) Re-balancing Modern Concepts of University Governance, Higher Education Quarterly, 56(3), 235–244. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1111/1468–2273.00215

40.

Shattock

(2003) Managing Successful Universities. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education (SRHE).

41.

Shattock

(Ed.) (2004a) Entrepreneurialism and the Transformation of Russian Universities. Paris: UNESCO/International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

42.

Shattock

(2004b) Generating Non-State Income in European Universities, in Shattock

(Ed.) Entrepreneurialism and the Transformation of Russian Universities. Paris: UNESCO/International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

43.

Shattock

(2005) European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their role in the Europe of knowledge. The theoretical context, Higher Education Management and Policy, 17(3), 1–16.

44.

Shattock

(2007) Research and Technology/Knowledge Transfer, in EUEREK (European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their role in the Europe of knowledge), revised report (Deliverable 12). Submitted to the European Commission, January 2007.

45.

Shattock

(2008) Entrepreneurialism in Universities and the Knowledge Economy. Diversification and Organisational Change in European Higher Education. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

46.

Sporn

(2001) Building Adaptive Universities: Emerging organisational forms based on experiences of European and US Universities, Tertiary Education and Management, 7(2), 121–134. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1023/A:1011346201972

47.

Temple

(2006) Intervention in a Higher Education Market: A case study, Higher Education Quarterly, 60(3), 257–269. https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2006.00320.x

48.

Williams

(2004) The Changing Political Economy of Higher Education, in Shattock

(Ed.) Entrepreneurialism and the Transformation of Russian Universities. Paris: UNESCO/International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

49.

Williams

(2007) Finance and Entrepreneurial Activity in Higher Education in a Knowledge Society, in EUEREK (European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their role in the Europe of knowledge), revised report (Deliverable 12). Submitted to the European Commission, January 2007.