Simulation Modeling and Theoretical Analysis in Sociology

The use of computer simulation experiments as a tool for working with theories is not as widespread in sociology as it is in most scientific disciplines. This brief article explains how modeling is a distinctive activity from either “theory” or “empirical analysis” but how it informs both and connects them. Simulation models are artificial objects created to translate theoretical generalizations into specific scenarios involving states (variables and/or actors) and rates (the dynamic causal laws hypothesized to generate change over time in the states). Simulation models are analyzed to understand the full range of implications of theoretical statements as they apply to producing historical realizations under particular circumstances. Simulation analysis operates by a method of experimentation, unlike mathematical modeling and statistical modeling. The strengths and limitations of these three approaches to studying models are discussed, and suggested to be complementary rather than competitive with each other. Last, this article briefly points out some of the unique features of the exemplars that compose the remainder of this special issue of Sociological Perspectives.