Professional Norms and Organizational Goals: An Illusory Dichotomy

For example, see Kornhauser William , Scientists in Industry: Conflict and Accommodation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962) and La Porte Todd , “Organization for Research: Conditions of Strain and Accommodation in an Industrial Research Organization,” (Ph.D. diss., Stanford University, 1963).

Burns Tom Stalker G. M. , The Management of Innovation (London: Tavistock, 1961), especially pp. 96–125.

Homans George C. , The Human Group (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950), p. 24.

Porter Lyman W. Lawler Edward E. III , Managerial Attitudes and Performance (Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1968), p. 14.

Kornhauser , pp. 12–13.

See Marcson Simon , The Scientist in American Industry: Some Organizational Determinants in Manpower Utilization (Princeton: Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, Department of Economics, 1960), pp. 147–148.

Porte La , pp. 14–19.

Evan William M. , “Role Strain and the Norm of Reciprocity in Research Organizations,” American Journal of Sociology (November 1962), pp. 346–354.

See Moore David G. Renck Richard , “The Professional Employee in Industry,” Journal of Business (January 1955), pp. 58–66.

Evan William M. , “Superior-Subordinate Conflict in Research Laboratories,” Administrative Science Quarterly, (June 1965), pp. 52–63.

Marcson , p. 150.

See Pelz Donald C. Andrews Frank M. , “Autonomy, Coordination and Stimulation in Relation to Scientific Achievement,” Behavioral Science (March 1966), pp. 89–97.

Saxberg Borje O. Slocum John W. Jr. , “The Management of Scientific Manpower,” Management Science (April 1968), pp. B-473 to B-489.

Kornhauser , pp. 195–208.

Porte La , pp. 224–227.

See Corwin Ronald C. , “Patterns of Organizational Conflict,” Administrative Science Quarterly (December 1969), pp. 507–520 and Warren Donald J. , “The Effects of Power Bases and Peer Groups on Conformity in Formal Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly (December 1969), pp. 544–556.

Hall Richard H. , “Professionalization and Bureaucratization,” American Sociological Review, (February, 1968), pp. 92–104.

Selltiz Claire , Research Methods in Social Relations (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1959), pp. 241–242.

See Burns Stalker , pp. 119–125.