Management and the Learning Process

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“t” tests for significance of difference between groups on the abstract/concrete dimension yield the following one-tail probabilities that are less than 0.10. Marketing is more concrete than personnel (p < 0.10), engineering (p < 0.05), research (p < 0.005), and finance (p < 0.005). Finance and research are more abstract than personnel (on both comparisons p < 0.005). On the active/reflective dimension, research is more reflective than marketing (p < 0.05), engineering (p < 0 .05), and to a lesser extent finance (p < 0.10).