Scanning the Future Environment: Social Indicators

“Today's Executive: Private Steward and Public Servant,” Harvard Business Review (March–April 1978), p.94

Browner William G. Motamedi Kurt K. , “Transition at the Top,” California Management Review (Winter 1977), pp. 71, 73.

The open systems view of organizations in interaction with their environments has become a dominant theme in organization theory literature. For a more extensive discussion of open systems and environmental views see: Aldrich Howard E. , Organizations and Environments (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1979); Edmunds Stahrl Letey John , Environmental Administration (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973); Kast Fremont E. Rosenzweig James E. , Organization and Management: A Systems and Contingency Approach, 3rd edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979); Katz Daniel Kahn Robert L. , The Social Psychology of Organizations, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978); and Pfeffer Jeffrey Salancik Gerald R. , The External Control of Organizations (New York: Harper & Row, 1978).

Parke Robert Seidman David , “Social Indicators and Social Reporting,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (January 1978), p. 1.

For a background on these two developments see: Bauer Raymond A. , “The Corporate Social Audit: Getting on the Learning Curve,” California Management Review (Fall 1973), pp. 5–16; and Flamholtz Eric G. , Human Resource Accounting (Encino, California: Dickenson, 1974).

U.S. President's Commission on Social Trends, Recent Social Trends in the United States (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1933).

U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Toward a Social Report (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969).

Ibid., p. 97.

For a more complete discussion of the development of social indicators see: Bauer Raymond A. (ed.), Social Indicators (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The M.I.T. Press, 1966); Fox Karl A. , Social Indicators and Social Theory (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974); Gross Bertram M. (ed.), “Social Goals and Indicators for American Society,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 371, (May 1967), and Vol. 373, (September 1967); Hauser Philip M. , Social Statistics in Use (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975); Sheldon Eleanor Bernert Moore Wilbert E. (eds.), Indicators of Social Change: Concepts and Measurements (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968); and Van Dusen Roxann A. (ed.), Social Indicators 1973: A Review Symposium (Washington: Social Science Research Council, Center for Coordination of Research on Social Indicators, 1974).

Andrews Frank M. Withey Stephen B. , Social Indicators of Well-Being—Americans' Perceptions of Life Quality (New York: Plenum Press, 1976). p. 23.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards, Social Indicators, 1976 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1977), p. xxiii.

Taeuber Conrad (ed.), “America in the Seventies: Some Social Indicators,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (January 1978).

U.S. Department of Commerce, op. cit., p. xxiii.

For further discussion of the current development and use of social indicators in the U.S. and other countries see: de Neufville Judith Innes , Social Indicators and Public Policy (Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1975); Land Kenneth C. Spilerman Seymour (eds.), Social Indicator Models (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975); Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Measuring Social Well-Being: A Progress Report on the Development of Social Indicators (Paris: OECD, 1976); and Michalos Alex C. (ed.), Social Indicators Research, a quarterly journal (Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1974).

Cooper M.R. Morgan B.S. Foley P.M. Kaplan L.B. , “Changing Employee Values: Deepening Discontent?” Harvard Business Review (January–February 1979), pp. 117–125.

U.S. Long-Term Economic Growth Prospects: Entering a New Era, a staff study prepared for the use of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978).

Ibid., pp. 23–24.