Organizing for Innovation

For an in-depth discussion of this congruence approach to organizational effectiveness, see Nadler D.A. Tushman M.L. , “A Congruence Model for Diagnosing Organizational Behavior,” Organization Dynamics (1980).

See, Abernathy W. , The Productivity Dilemma (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, 1979); Allen T. , Managing the Flow of Technology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983); Kanter R.M. , The Change Masters (New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1984); Lawrence P.R. Dyer D. , Renewing American Industry (New York, NY: The Free Press, 1983); Nadler D.A. Tushman M.L. , Strategic Organization Design (Homewood, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1986); Tushman M.L. Moore W. , Readings in The Management of Innovation (Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1982).

For a detailed discussion of shaping informal processes, see Nadler Tushman , 1986, op. cit.