Convergence and Upheaval: Managing the Unsteady Pace of Organizational Evolution

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Greiner L. , “Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow,” Harvard Business Review (July/August 1972), pp. 37–46.

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Peters T. Waterman R. , In Search of Excellence (New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1982).

Nadler Tushman , op. cit.

For a discussion of preemptive strategies, see MacMillan I. , “Delays in Competitors' Responses to New Banking Products,” Journal of Business Strategy, 4 (1984): 58–65.

Tushman M. Virany B. , “Changing Characteristics of Executive Teams in an Emerging Industry,” Journal of Business Venturing (1986).