Managing Flexible Automation

Adler P.S. , “When Knowledge is the Critical Resource, Knowledge Management is the Critical Task,” forthcoming in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, Computerized Manufacturing Automation: Employment, Education, and the Workplace (Washington, DC: USGPO, 1984).

Piore M. Sabel C. , The Second Industrial Divide (New York, NY: Basic Books, 1984).

Goldhar J.P. Jelinek M. , “Plan for Economies of Scope,” Harvard Business Review (November/December 1983), pp. 141–148.

Boothroyd G. , “Economics of Assembly Systems,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 1/2 (1982).

Hutchinson G.K. Holland J. , “The Economic Value of Flexible Automation,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 1/2 (1982).

Hayes R.H. Abernathy W. J. , “Managing Our Way to Economic Decline,” Harvard Business Review (July/August 1980).

Reich R.B. , The Next American Frontier (New York, NY: Times Books, 1983).

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Hayes R.H. Wheelwright S.C. , “Link Manufacturing Process and Product Life Cycles,” Harvard Business Review (January/February 1979).

Boothroyd , op. cit.

Hayes R.H. Wheelwright S. C. , Restoring Our Competitive Edge (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1984).

Ferdows K. , “Technology-Push Strategies for Manufacturing,” Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management, 28/2 (1983).

Abernathy W.J. , The Productivity Dilemma (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978).

Ginsburg D.H. Abernathy W.J. , eds., Government, Technology, and the Future of the Automobile (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1980).

Abernathy W.J. Clark K.B. Kantrow A. M. , Industrial Renaissance (New York, NY: Basic Books, 1983).

Rosenberg N. Frischtak C. , “Technological Innovation and Long Waves,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, 8 (1984).

Wheelwright S.C. Hayes R.H. , “Competing Through Manufacturing,” Harvard Business Review (January/February 1985).

Ibid.

See Appendix; Meredith J.R. , ed., Justifying New Manufacturing Technology (Norcross, GA: Institute of Industrial Engineers, 1986).

Manufacturing Studies Board, National Research Council, Computer Integration of Engineering Design and Production: A National Opportunity (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1984), p. 16.

Kaplan R.S. , “Yesterday's Accounting Undermines Production,” Harvard Business Review (July/August 1984), pp. 95–101.

Gold B. , “Strengthening Managerial Approaches to Improving Technological Capabilities,” Strategic Management Journal, 4 (1983).

Hayes R.H. Garvin D. , “Managing as if Tomorrow Mattered,” Harvard Business Review (May/June 1982).

Hodder J.E. Riggs H. E. , “Pitfalls in Evaluating Risky Projects,” Harvard Business Review (January/February 1985).

McKinsey & Co., Inc., “Forging CAD/CAM into a Strategic Weapon,” January 1984.

Adler P.S. Helleloid D. A. , “Effective Implementation of Integrated CAD/CAM: A Model,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management (May 1987); Adler P. S. , “Managerial Challenges of CAD/CAM Integration,” Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Department, Stanford University, 1988.

Pava C.H.P. , Managing New Office Technology (New York, NY: Free Press, 1983).

Ouchi W.G. , “Markets, Bureaucracies and Clans,” Administrative Science Quarterly (March 1980).

Arrow K. Hurwicz L. , eds., Studies in Resource Allocation Processes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).

Jaikumar R. , “Post-Industrial Manufacturing,” Harvard Business Review (November/December 1986).

Ohmi T. Yoshida Y. , “Flexible Manufacturing Systems in Japan—Present Status,” in Flexible Manufacturing Systems: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, Brighton, U.K. (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982).

Spur G. Mertins K. , “Flexible Fertigungssytems.” Produktionsanlagen der Flexiblen Automatisierung ZwF, 76/9 (1981). For more data on these international differences, see Bessant J. Haywood B. , “The Introduction of Flexible Manufacturing Systems as an Example of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,” Operations Management Review (Spring 1986).

Ettlie J. , “The Implementation of Programmable Manufacturing Innovations,” Industrial Technology Institute, March 1983.

Adler P.S. , “New Technologies, New Skills,” California Management Review (Fall 1986).

Spenner K. , “Deciphering Prometheus,” American Sociological Review (December 1983).

Blomberg M. Gerwin D. (“Coping With Advanced Manufacturing Technology,” Journal of Occupational Behavior, 5: 113–130) document a case of poor job design in an FMS. Jones B. Scott P. (“Working the System: A Comparison of the Management of Work Roles in American and British Flexible Manufacturing Systems,” paper presented to annual conference of the Operations Management Association of Great Britain, University of Warwick, January 2–3, 1986) document a case of backing into more appropriate job design in an FMS.

Wheelwright S.C. Hayes R. H. , “Competing Through Manufacturing,” Harvard Business Review (January/February 1985).

Blauner R. , Alienation and Freedom (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1964); Woodward J. , Management and Technology (London: H.M. Stationary Office 1958); Mallet S. , La Nouvelle Classe Ouvriere (Paris: Seuil 1963).

Braverman H. , Labor and Monopoly Capital (New York, NY: Monthly Review Press, 1974); Freyssenet H. , Le Processus de Dequalification-Surqualification de la Force de Travail (Paris: Centre de Sociologie Urbane, 1974); Beynon H. Nichols J. , Living with Capitalism (London: Routledge-Kegan Paul, 1977); Kern H. Schumann M. , Industriearbeit und Albeiterbewusstsein (Frankfurt A. M.: Europaische Verlagsanstalt, 1972); Panzeri R. , “Sullinso Capitalistico della Macchine,” La represa del Marxismo-Leninismo in Italia (1972).

Edwards R. , Contested Terrain (New York, NY: Basic Books, 1979); Gallie D. , In Search of the New Working Class (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978).

Walton R.E. Susman G. I. , “People Policies for the New Machines,” Harvard Business Review (March/April 1987); Schultz-Wild R. Kohler C. , “Flexible Manufacturing Systems: Manpower Problems and Policies,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 4/2; Kern H. Schumann M. , “Limits of the Division of Labour,” Economic and Industrial Democracy, 8 (1987); Sorge A. Hartmann G. Warner M. Nicholas I. , Microelectronics and Manpower (Berlin: Gower, 1983); Senker P. , Towards the Automatic Factory? (Berlin: IFS [Publications] Springer-Verlag, 1986); Hirschhorn L. , Beyond Mechanization (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984); Lund R.T. Hansen J. A. , Connected Machines, Disconnected Jobs (Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Policy Alternatives, 1983).

Lund Hansen , op. cit.

Adler P.S. Borys B. , “Automation and Work: The Machine Tool Case,” Stanford University, 1986.

Some economists, recognizing this problem, are generating important results from more complex models (see, for example, David P. A. , “Some New Standards for the Economics of Standardization in the Information Age,” Stanford Center for Economic Policy Research, Working Paper No. 11, 1986). The issue in the future may well become whether formal economic models can handle the complexity of pervasive externalities and standards without losing analytic tractability. See Adler P. S. , “When Knowledge is the Critical Resource, Knowledge Management is the Critical Task,” Stanford University, 1985.

Walton R.E. , “From Control to Commitment in the Workplace,” Harvard Business Review (March/April 1985).

Reisman B. Compa L. , “The Case for Adversarial Unions,” Harvard Business Review (May/June 1985), p. 36.

Gerwin D. , “The Do's and Don'ts of Computerized Manufacturing,” Harvard Business Review, 60/2: 67–116; Mandelbaum M. , “Flexibility in Decision Making: An Exploration and Unification,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1978; Buzacott J. A. , “The Fundamental Principles of Flexibility in Manufacturing Systems,” Proceedings of the First International Conference on Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Brighton, U.K., 1982; Zelenovic D. M. , “Flexibility—A Condition for Effective Production Systems,” International Journal of Production Research, 20/3 (1982); Browne J. , “Classification of Flexible Manufacturing Systems,” The FMS Magazine (April 1984); Jaikumar R. , “Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Managerial Perspective,” Harvard Business School, 1984.

Jones R.A. Ostroy J. M. , “Flexibility and Uncertainty,” Review of Economic Studies (1984).