MesconTimothy S.TilsonDonn J., “Corporate Philanthropy: A Strategic Approach to the Bottom-Line,”California Management Review, 29/2 (Winter 1987): 49–61; PostJames S.MurrayEdwin A.Jr.DickieRobert D.MahonJohn F., “Managing Public Affairs: The Public Affairs Function,”California Management Review, 26/1 (Fall 1983): 135–150.
2.
See, for instance, PrestonLee E., “Corporate Power and Social Performance: Approaches to Positive Analysis,” in PrestonLee E., ed., Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1981); and KeimGerald D.ZiethamlCarl P.BaysingerBarry D., “New Directions for Corporate Political Strategy,”Sloan Management Review, 25 (Spring 1984): 53–62.
3.
SmithHayden W., A Profile of Corporate Contributions (New York, NY: Financial Aid to Education, 1983).
4.
UseemMichael, “Corporate Philanthropy,” in PowellWalter W., ed., The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987); McElroyKatherine MaddoxSiegfriedJohn J., “The Effect of Firm Size and Mergers on Corporate Philanthropy,” in BockBettyGoldschmidHarvey J.MillsteinIra M.SchererF. M., eds., The Impact of the Modern Corporation, (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1984).
5.
LevyFerdinand K.ShattoGloria M., “Social Responsibility in Large Electric Utility Firms: The Case of Philanthropy,” in PrestonLee E., ed., Research in Corporate Social Performance, Vol. 2. (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1980); BurtRonald S., Corporate Profits and Cooptation (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1983); FryLouis W.KeimGerald D.MeinersRoger E., “Corporate Contributions: Altruistic or For-Profit?”Academy of Management Journal, 25 (1982): 94–107.
6.
RudneySally, “Polaroid,” a case-study of the Polaroid Foundation, Yale University School of Management, 1987.
7.
PlatzerLinda Cardillo, Annual Survey of Corporate Contributions, 1986 Edition (New York, NY: Conference Board, 1986).
8.
KediaBanwariKuntzEdwin C., “The Context of Social Performance: An Empirical Study of Texas Banks,” in PrestonLee E., ed., Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, Vol. 3 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1981); PrestonLee E., op. cit., p. 9; CochranPhilip L.WoodRobert A., “Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance,”Academy of Management Journal, 27 (1984): 42–56.
9.
WhiteArthur H., “Corporate Philanthropy: Impact on Public Attitudes,” in Corporate Philanthropy in the Eighties (Washington, D.C.: National Chamber Foundation, 1980); WokutchRichard E.SpencerBarbara A., “Corporate Saints and Sinners: The Effects of Philanthropic and Illegal Activity on Organizational Performance,”California Management Review, 29/2 (Winter 1987): 62–77; GalaskiewiczJoseph, Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy: A Study of Business Philanthropy and Nonprofit Organizations (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1985), p. 214.
10.
UseemMichaelKutnerStephen I., “Corporate Contributions to Culture and the Arts: The Organization of Giving, and the Influence of the Chief Executive Officer and Other Firms on Company Contributions in Massachusetts,” in DiMaggioPaul, ed., Nonprofit Organizations in the Production and Distribution of Culture (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986).
11.
KnauftE.B., Profiles of Effective Corporate Giving Programs, (Washington, D.C.: The Independent Sector, 1985), p. 14.
12.
UseemKutner, op. cit.; WhiteArthur H.BartolomeoJohn, Corporate Giving: The Views of Chief Executive Officers of Major American Corporations (Washington, D.C.: Council on Foundations, 1982); WhiteArthur H.BartolomeoJohn, “The Attitudes and Motivations of Chief Executive Officers,” in Corporate Philanthropy: Philosophy, Management, Trends, Future, Background (Washington, D.C.: Council on Foundations, 1982); Galaskiewicz, op. cit.
13.
SiegfriedJohn J.McElroyKatherine MaddoxBiernot-FawkesDiane, “The Management of Corporate Contributions,” in PrestonLee E., ed., Research in Corporate Social Performance, Vol. 5 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1983); McElroySiegfried, op. cit.; WolpertJulianReinerThomas A., The Metropolitan Philadelphia Philanthropy Study (Philadelphia, PA: School of Public and Urban Policy, University of Pennsylvania, 1980).
14.
HarrisJames F.KlepperAnne, Corporate Philanthropic Public Service Activities (New York, NY: Conference Board 1976); Council for Financial Aid to Education, Corporate Support of Higher Education, 1982 (New York, NY: Financial Aid to Higher Education, 1984); MaxwellJoanMedgyesi-MitschangSuzanne, Giving: A Comparison of Philanthropic Resources of Seven Metropolitan Areas (Washington, D.C.: Greater Washington Research Center, 1985).
15.
UseemMichael, The Inner Circle: Large Corporations and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the U.S. and U.K. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 125–129.
16.
MaddoxKatherine E.SiegfriedJohn J., “The Effect of Economic Structure on Corporate Philanthropy,” in SiegfriedJohn J., ed., The Economics of Firm Size, Market Structure, and Social Performance (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission, 1980); Burt, op. cit.
17.
DesruisseauxPaul, “Mergers Held Unlikely to Cause Overall Drop in Company Giving,”Chronicle of Higher Education, March 19, 1986, pp. 21–22.
18.
SiegfriedJohn J.SweeneyM. Jane Barr, “The Social and Political Consequences of Conglomerate Mergers,” in KeenanMichaelWhiteLawrence J., eds., Mergers and Acquisitions (Lexington, MA: Heath, 1982); McElroySiegfried, op. cit.; LordBenjamin, Corporate Philanthropy in America: New Perspectives for the Eighties (Washington, D.C.: Taft Corporation, 1985).
19.
Independent Sector, Daring Goals for a Caring Society: A Blueprint for Substantial Growth in Giving and Volunteering in America (Washington, D.C.: Independent Sector, 1986).