The study was designed to examine the sport achievement orientations of male wheelchair basketball athletes who differed by onset of experienced disability (congenital and acquired). The full Sport Orientation Questionnaire was administered to 166 U.S. national athletes. Athletes with congenital disabilities had higher mean scores than their peers with acquired disabilities on the three subscales of the full form and on the extraction items as a short form (Competitiveness, Win Orientation, and Goal Orientation). Multivariate analysis of variance yielded no significant differences between groups. Significant differences on Competitiveness and Goal Orientation, with a higher mean were found for the group with congenital disabilities than for the group with acquired disabilities. The results are discussed in relation to the literature, nature of wheelchair basketball, and application of the test to such athletes.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
CampbellE. (1995) Psychological well-being of participants in wheelchair sports: comparison of individuals with congenital and acquired disabilities. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 563–568.
2.
CampbellE., & JonesG. (1994) Psychological well-being in wheelchair sport participants and non-participants. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 404–415.
3.
DePauwK. P. (1986) Research on sport for athletes with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 3, 292–299.
4.
DudaJ. L. (1989) Goal perspectives, participation and persistence in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, 42–56.
5.
DudaJ. L., & NichollsJ. G. (1992) Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 290–299.
6.
GillD. L. (1988) Gender differences in competitive orientation and sport participation. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 19, 145–159.
7.
GillD. L., & DeeterT. E. (1988) Development of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire. Research Quarterly, 59, 191–202.
8.
GillD. L., & DzewaltowskiD. (1988) Competitive orientations among intercollegiate athletes: is winning the only thing?The Sport Psychologist, 2, 212–221.
9.
HopperC. A. (1984) Socialization of wheelchair athletes. In SherrillC. (Ed.), Sport and disabled athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Pp. 197–202.
10.
LivnehH., & AntonakR. F. (1997) Psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
11.
MartinJ.Adams-MushettC., & SmithK. (1995) Athletic identity and sport orientation of adolescent swimmers with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 12, 113–123.
12.
MartinJ., & GillD. L. (1995) Competitive orientation, self-efficacy and goal importance in Filipino marathoners. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 348–358.
13.
MastroJ., & FrenchR. (1984) Sport anxiety and elite blind athletes. In SherrillC. (Ed.), Sport and disabled athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Pp. 203–208.
14.
NichollsJ. G. (1984) Achievement motivation: conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91, 328–346.
15.
PageS. J.O'ConnorE. A., & WaydaV. K. (2000) Exploring competitive orientation in a group of athletes participating in the 1996 Paralympic trials. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 91, 491–502.
16.
PedhazurE., & Pedhazur-SchmelkinL. (1991) Measurement, design, and analysis: an integrated approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17.
RobertsG. C. (1992) Motivation in sport and exercise: conceptual constraints and convergence. In RobertsG. C. (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. P. 18.
18.
RobertsG. C., & BalagueG. (1991) The development and validation of the Perception of Success Questionnaire. Communication to the 8th European (FEPSAC) Congress, Cologne Germany, July.
19.
SherrillC. (1997) The physical self: from motivation to well-being. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
SkafidaF. A. (2002a) The psychological characteristics of the Greek elite athletes with physical disabilities. Unpublished master's thesis, National and Kapodistrian Univer. of Athens, Athens, Greece.
22.
SkafidaF. A. (2002b) Sport orientation of Greek elite athletes with physical disabilities. Paper presented at the Third Scientific Meeting of the Physical Education and Sport Scientists of the Association of Northern Greece, Thessalonica, Greece.
23.
SkordilisE. K. (1998) Competitive, goal, and sport orientations of wheelchair athletes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Springfield College, Springfield, MA.
24.
SkordilisE. K.GavriilidisA.CharitouS., & AsonitouK. (2003) Comparison of sport achievement orientation of male professional, amateur, and wheelchair basketball athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 483–490.
25.
SkordilisE. K.KoutsoukiD.AsonitouK.EvansE., & JensenB. (2002) Comparison of sport achievement orientation between wheelchair and able-bodied basketball athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94, 214–218.
26.
SkordilisE. K.KoutsoukiD.AsonitouK.EvansE.JensenB., & WallK. (2001) Sport orientations and goal perspective of wheelchair athletes. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 18, 304–315.
27.
SkordilisE. K., & StavrouN. A. (2005) Sport orientation model for wheelchair basketball athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100, 1081–1096.
28.
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. (1997a) SPSS advanced statistics 7.5. Chicago, IL: Author.
29.
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. (1997b) SPSS Base 7.5 for Windows: user's guide. Chicago, IL: Author.
30.
ThomasJ. R., & NelsonJ. (1996) Research methods in physical activity. (3rd ed.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
31.
VealeyR. S. (1986) Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 221–246.
32.
YunJ., & UlrichD. A. (2002) Estimating measurement validity: a tutorial. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 19, 32–47.
33.
ZoerinkD. A., & WilsonJ. (1995) The competitive disposition: views of athletes with mental retardation. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 12, 34–42.
