Leveling-Sharpening and Serial Learning

Bartlett F. C. Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer. Press, 1932.

Bergson H. Matter and memory. London: Allen & Unwin, 1911.

Gardner R. W. Holzman P. S. Klein G. S. Linton H. B. Spence D. P. Cognitive control: A study of individual consistencies in cognitive behavior. Psychol. Issues, in press.

Gardner R. W. Jackson D. N. Messick S. Personality organization in cognitive controls and intellectual abilities. Psychol. Issues, in press.

Gardner R. W. Lohrenz L. J. Leveling-sharpening and serial reproduction of a story. Bull. Menninger Clin., in press.

Gollin E. S. Baron A. Response consistency in perception and retention. J. exp. Psychol., 1954, 47, 259–262.

Gomulicki B. R. Individual differences in recall. J. Pers., 1956, 24, 387–400.

Holzman P. S. The relation of assimilation tendencies in visual, auditory, and kinesthetic time-error to cognitive attitudes of leveling and sharpening. J. Pers., 1954, 22, 375–394.

Holzman P. S. Gardner R. W. Leveling and repression. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1959, 59, 151–155.

Holzman P. S. Klein G. S. Cognitive system-principles of leveling and sharpening: Individual differences in assimilation effects in visual time-error. J. Psychol., 1954, 37, 105–122.

Koffka K. Principles of gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1935.

Koehler W. Zur Theorie des Sukzessivvergleichs und der Zeitfehler. Psychol. Forsch., 1923, 4, 115–175.

Lauenstein O. Ansatz zu einer Physiologischen Theorie des Vergleichs und der Zeitfehler. Psychol. Forsch., 1933, 17, 130–177.

Siegal R. S. The leveling-sharpening system principle, serial learning and retroactive interference. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univer. of Kansas, 1957.