An apparatus was constructed to motivate rats by electric shock to run on a treadmill and to record the duration of avoidable shock received by individual Ss. Electronic sensing techniques are used to determine when shock is being delivered to S. The present method eliminates “safe” combinations of grid bars and delivers continuous shock potential to any pair of occupied bars throughout the period of occupancy. In addition to supplying a motivational stimulus for treadmill use, this circuitry is easily modifiable to provide a refined grid scanning system for programmed stimulus delivery which is considerably more reliable than conventional scrambler circuits.
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