Three groups of 120 male and female students each, aged 13 to 15 yr., 16 to 18 yr., and 19 to 21 yr., were tested on Oilman's portable rod-and-frame apparatus to assess field dependence. Analysis indicated that the 16- to 18-yr.-old group was more field independent. Developmental trends indicated decreased field-dependence into late adolescence, and then a reversal indicating an increase in field-dependence beginning in early adulthood (19- to 21-yr.-old group).
References
1.
BigelowG. S.Field-dependence and field-independence in 5- to 10-year-old children. Journal of Educational Research, 1971. 64, 397–400.
2.
CrandallV. J.SinkelhamC.Children's dependent and achievement behaviors in social situations and their perceptual field dependence. Journal of Personality, 1964, 32, 1–22.
3.
DreyerA. S.DreyerC. A.NebelkopfE.The portable rod-and-frame test as a measure of cognitive style in kindergarten children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 775–781.
4.
HandelA.Perception of verticality on a modified portable rod-and-frame test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1972, 34, 459–468.
